[Docker] Compose container arrangement & LNMP on the cloud

Article directory

- What is Docker-Compose
- Download and install
- - official website
  - Official website download
  - Install
  - uninstall
- Compose core concept
- - a file
  - two elements
  - three steps
- Compose common commands
- Django + Mysql + Redis + Nginx deployment
- - deployment architecture
  - Build django container – – – dockerfile writing
  - Build Nginx container
  - docker-compose arranges containers
  - Django project configuration
- custom_web
- - mysql container
  - redis container
  - Django container

What is Docker-Compose

Compose is a tool software launched by Docker, which can manage multiple Docker containers to form an application. You need to define a configuration file docker-compose.yml in YAML format, and write the calling relationship between multiple containers. Then, you can start/stop these containers at the same time with just one command

Docker-Compose is an official open source project of Docker, which is responsible for the rapid orchestration of Docker container clusters.

Define a set of associated application containers as a project by a separate docker-compose.yml template file (YAML format).

Download and install

Official website

https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/
Official website download

https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
Install
1. curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o / usr/local/bin/docker-compose
2. chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
3. docker-compose --version
Uninstall

Compose core concept

A file

docker-compose.yml
Two elements
- service
  
  Each application container instance, such as order microservice, inventory microservice, mysql container, nginx container or redis container
- project
  
  A complete business unit consisting of a set of associated application containers is defined in the docker-compose.yml file.
Three steps
- Write Dockerfile to define each microservice application and build the corresponding image file
- Use docker-compose.yml to define a complete business unit and arrange each container service in the overall application.
- Finally, execute the docker-compose up command to start and run the entire application to complete one-click deployment and go online

Compose common commands

command	description
`docker-compose -h`	View help
`docker-compose up`	Start all docker-compose Service
`docker-compose up -d`	Start all docker-compose services and run in the background
`docker-compose down`	Stop and delete containers, networks, volumes, images
`service id in docker-compose exec yml`	Enter the service id written in docker-compose exec docker-compose.yml file inside the container instance /bin/bash
`docker-compose ps`	Display all containers that are currently arranged by docker-compose
`docker-compose top`	Display the current container process arranged by docker-compose
`docker The service id in -compose logs yml`	View the container output log
`docker-compose config`	Check configuration
`docker-compose config -q`	Check configuration, if there is a problem, there will be output
`docker-compose restart`	Restart service
`docker-compose start`	start Service
`docker-compose stop`	stop service

Django + Mysql + Redis + Nginx deployment

Deployment Architecture

According to the principle of one process and one container, there are a total of the following containers in this deployment (celery and uwsgi are highly coupled with web and have not been split)
- Redis Container: Caching Service
- Mongo container: user behavior log storage
- Mysql container: data storage
- Django (uwsgi, celery) container: handling dynamic requests
- Nginx container: reverse proxy, handling static resources
- featech_v2_0 is the django project directory
- The deployment folder contains configuration information for four containers other than the Django container and other files for other mounts (shared volumes of the container and the host).
- Dockerfile: docker environment file
- docker-compose.yml: Arranging container files

Build django container – – – dockerfile writing

# Use python:3.7.3 as the base image
FROM python:3.7.3

# Set python environment variables
ENV PYTHON UNBUFFERED 1

# Create a project directory and copy the local project directory files to the container
RUN mkdir /featech_v2_0
COPY ./featech_v2_0 /featech_v2_0

# Set the working directory, and the operations of subsequent containers are based on this directory
WORKDIR /featech_v2_0

# Set the pip source (scientific Internet users can ignore it)
RUN pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
RUN pip config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

# Upgrade pip and install python dependencies
RUN pip install -U pip
RUN pip install -r /featech_v2_0/requirement.txt

# expose port 8888
EXPOSE 8888

Build Nginx container

Nginx container dockerfile writing (this step is a bit redundant, in fact, here are simply created a few folders, which can be executed by the command in docker-compose.yml)

dockerfile writes

# nginx image
FROM daocloud.io/nginx

# Create static resource folder and ssl certificate save folder
RUN RUN mkdir -p /usr/share/nginx/html/static; mkdir -p /usr/share/nginx/html/media; mkdir -p /usr/share/nginx/ssl

Modify the Nginx configuration file

When configuring the reverse proxy, note that the host must be changed to web, web is the name of the django container (configured in docker-compose.yml)

server {
    listen 80; # Listen to port 80
    server_name 127.0.0.1; # Please replace the production environment with a domain name
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://web:8000; # Reverse proxy django container port 8000, web is the name of the django container, remember not to write the domain name or ip
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
    location /static/ {
        alias /usr/share/nginx/html/static/; #Static resource path
    }
    location /media/ {
        alias /usr/share/nginx/html/media/; #upload file path
    }
}

docker-compose arranges containers

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  redis:
    image: daocloud.io/redis:3
    container_name: featech_redis
    command: redis-server
    volumes:
      - ./deployment/redis/data:/data # Mount database data folder
    ports:
      - "6373:6379"
    restart: always # always restart when an error occurs in the table container operation
  
  db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    container_name: featech_db
    ports:
      - "3303:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./deployment/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql # mount database data
      # - ./deployment/mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf # Mount configuration file
      - ./deployment/mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/ # Mount data initialization sql script
    
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 12345678 # database password
      MYSQL_DATABASE: fetch_v2_0 # database name
      LNAG: C.UTF-8
    command: ['mysqld', '--character-set-server=utf8mb4', '--collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci']
  web:
    build: .
    container_name: featech_v2_0
    
    # tty: true If there is an error in the web container and you want to enter the container to make changes, this configuration can assign a pseudo-terminal to let the container run first
    
    # After the container starts, start the django application through uwsgi and start celery. Here I simply use nohup to start celery. You can choose to use supervisor management
    command: uwsgi --ini uwsgi & amp; & amp; nohup celery -A celery_tasks.sms.tasks worker -l info >> celery_log/celery.log 2> & amp;1 & amp;
    
    depends_on:
      -db
      -redis
      -mongo
    links:
      -db
      -redis
      -mongo
    volumes:
      - ./featech_v2_0:/featech_v2_0 # Mount project directory
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "8888:8888"
  nginx:
    build: deployment/nginx
    container_name: featech_nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    expose:
      - "8888"
    volumes:
      - ./featech_v2_0/static:/usr/share/nginx/html/static # Mount static files
      - ./featech_v2_0/frontEnd:/usr/share/nginx/html/frontEnd # Mount static files
      - ./featech_v2_0/media:/usr/share/nginx/html/upload # Mount and upload files
      - ./deployment/nginx/ssl:/usr/share/nginx/ssl # mount ssl certificate directory
      - ./deployment/nginx/conf/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d # Mount configuration file
    links:
      - web
    depends_on:
      - web
    restart: always
  mongo:
    image:mongo:4.0
    container_name: featech_mongo
    hostname: mongo
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "27013:27017"
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
    #MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE: test
    #MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: root
    #MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime
      - ./deployment/mongo/data:/data/db
      - ./deployment/mongo/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
    command: mongod

redis, db, web, nginx, mongo are container names.

image means to pull the image name, build will look for Dockerfile in the given directory and build the container environment.
expose means to expose the port to other containers, but not to the host (different containers are isolated from each other by default).
ports means mapping the container port to the host port (read from right to left, for example ports: –

“3303:3306” refers to mapping port 3306 of the container to port 3303 of the host), and the container port will also be open to other containers.
volumes

It means to mount, which is to map the files of the local machine and the files in the container. The container and the local environment are originally isolated. Mounting is equivalent to digging a small hole so that the data between the two can communicate.
links means to interconnect containers.
depends_on: Indicates the dependency relationship, because the container starts in sequence, and the django container depends on the mysql container and redis

Container (django needs to read and write data from database and cache), and nginx depends on django container (nginx container needs to reverse proxy port 8888 of django container)

Django project configuration

settings.py file configuration

Change the database connection HOST to mysql container name db

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # mysql driver
        'NAME': 'fetach_v2_0', # database name
        'USER': 'root', # login account
        'PASSWORD': '12345678', # login password
        'HOST': 'db', # host address (container deployment)
        # 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # host address
        'PORT': '3306', # port
        'OPTIONS': {'charset': 'utf8mb4'},
    }
}

Change the host in the cache configuration to the redis container name redis (if you have configured redis as a cache, please ignore it if you have not configured it)

CACHES = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'django_redis.cache.RedisCache',
        'LOCATION': 'redis://redis:6379', # redis (container)
        # 'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:6379',
        'OPTIONS': {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
            "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {"max_connections": 100},
            'SOCKET_TIMEOUT': 10,
        },
    },
}

For production environment deployment, please change DEBUG = True in settings.py to DEBUG = False to turn off debug mode.

broker_url = "redis://redis/2"
result_backend = "redis://redis/3"

custom_web

Due to the Docker-Compose orchestration, project debugging cannot be practiced locally, so I decided to manually start the containers one by one

mysql container

Externally exposed port 3307
redis container

External exposure6373

Django container

requirements file generation
Remember to add uwsgi module

Dockerfile file writing

FROM python:3.10.10
MAINTAINER alan@al6nlee.com
# The following is the key point, . means to copy all files (including folders) in the current directory to the mirror image/SeeStar
RUN mkdir /custom_web
COPY ./custom_web/custom_web
WORKDIR /custom_web
RUN pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
RUN pip config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com
RUN pip install -U pip
RUN pip install -r /custom_web/requirements.txt

CMD ["uwsgi", "--ini", "uwsgi.ini"]

Writing uwsgi.ini file

[uwsgi]
#Django-related settings
#socket = :8001
http = :8888
# the base directory (project full path)
chdir = /custom_web
# Django s wsgi file
wsgi-file = /custom_web/custom_web/wsgi.py
master = true
processes = 4
chmod-socket=664
vacuum = true
pidfile = pid.uwsgi
# run process background and save log to daemonize
# daemonize = UWSGI.log

Construct
start up
exhibit

nginx container

docker run -it -p 80:80
-v ./custom_web/static:/usr/share/nginx/html/static
-v ./custom_web/frontEnd:/usr/share/nginx/html/frontEnd
-v ./custom_web/media:/usr/share/nginx/html/upload
-v ./nginx/ssl:/usr/share/nginx/ssl
-v ./nginx/conf/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d
605c77e624dd

Article directory

What is Docker-Compose

Download and install

Official website

Official website download

Install

Uninstall

Compose core concept

A file

Two elements

Three steps

Compose common commands

Django + Mysql + Redis + Nginx deployment

Deployment Architecture

Build django container – – – dockerfile writing

Build Nginx container

docker-compose arranges containers

Django project configuration

custom_web

mysql container

redis container

Django container