What’s unity?
Unity3D is a multi-platform comprehensive game development tool developed by Unity Technologies that allows players to easily create many types of interactive content such as 3D games, virtual reality, real-time movies and animations, architectural visualization, digital education, automobiles/transportation and manufacturing. , is a powerful professional game engine. Unity is similar to software such as Director, Blender, Virtools or Torque Game Builder that use an interactive graphical development environment as the primary method.
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Original link: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46093832/article/details/120306980
Unity development learning route
Demo production process:
- Install and configure, get familiar with editor tools
- To import the resource file, you can go to Window->Asset Store to download the desired scene, download the Tutorial Resources here, add it to my resource and open it in unity, import it into unity
- Drag in the character and adjust the viewing angle through GameObject->Align with view
- Make prefabs (expand in detail below)
- Create an animation, create a folder MyAnimators->Animator Controller-> double-click to enter, set the corresponding animation relationship
- Create scripts to program people/things that need to be implemented
- Complete the creation and package the game
About prefabs
Why create a prefab
In Unity, the role of prefabs is to reuse resources, such as flowers, trees, and house buildings in the game world. These resources are recurring, and we can make them into prefabs to facilitate reuse.
Create scope
Anything that can be dragged into the Hierarchy panel can be made into a prefab, including but not limited to models, UI, empty objects for mounting scripts, etc.
Create method
Drag the objects in the Scene to Prefabs, the icon will turn into a blue block
Writing scripts
PlayerMovement
Control the movement of game characters through keyboard input, the grammar is relatively easy to understand, see the notes for detailed functions.
using System. Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class PlayerMovement : MonoBehaviour
{<!-- -->
public float turnspeed = 20f; //Define the rotation speed
Animator m_Animator;
Rigidbody m_Rigidbody; //Define the components on the game character
Vector3 m_Movement;//The vector of the game character movement
Quaternion m_Quaternion=Quaternion.identity;//Define the angle of character rotation
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{<!-- -->
m_Animator = GetComponent<Animator>();
m_Rigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
//Get the rigid body and animation control mechanism components on the character
}
// Update is called once per frame
private void FixedUpdate()
{<!-- -->
float horizontal = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");//Keyboard input moves horizontally
float vertical = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");//keyboard input value movement
m_Movement.Set(horizontal, 0f, vertical);//Set the movement direction of the game character
m_Movement.Normalize();//speed normalization
bool hasHorizontalInput = !Mathf.Approximately(horizontal,0f); //Define the bool value of movement
bool hasverticalInput = !Mathf.Approximately(vertical, 0f);
//control animation playback
bool iswalking = hasHorizontalInput || hasverticalInput;
m_Animator.SetBool("isWalking", iswalking);
//rotation transition
Vector3 desireForwad = Vector3.RotateTowards(transform.forward, m_Movement, turnspeed * Time.deltaTime, 0f);
m_Quaternion = Quaternion.LookRotation(desirForwad);
}
//Rotation and transition of game characters
private void OnAnimatorMove()
{<!-- -->
m_Rigidbody.MovePosition(m_Rigidbody.position + m_Movement * m_Animator.deltaPosition.magnitude);
m_Rigidbody.MoveRotation(m_Quaternion);
}
}
CameraFollow
The camera moves with the characters, and it can also be realized by setting a virtual camera.
Idea: Find and record the relative position between the camera and the player in the Start function. In the update of each frame (implemented by the Update function), the keyboard input controls the movement of the character, but the relative position does not change.
using System. Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class CameraFollow1 : MonoBehaviour
{<!-- -->
//Follow the game character
private Transform Player;
//The distance between the camera and the character
Vector3 offset;
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{<!-- -->
Player = GameObject. Find("JohnLemon"). transform;
offset = transform.position - Player.position;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{<!-- -->
transform.position = offset + Player.position;
}
}
GameEnding
Effects when the game ends, including showing the canvas and playing audio, restarting on failure and exiting on success.
using System. Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine. SceneManagement;
public class GameEnding : MonoBehaviour
{<!-- -->
public float fadeDuration = 1f; //Fade in and fade out time
public float displayDuration = 1f; //Duration of game victory display
public GameObject Player; //Game character
public CanvasGroup ExitBK;//Canvas background when the game wins
public CanvasGroup FailBK;//Canvas background when the game fails
bool IsExit = false;//The bool value when the game wins
bool IsFail = false;//The bool value when the game fails
//Define the timer for the gradient of the picture
public float timer=0f;
//Audio component
public AudioSource winaudio;
public AudioSource failaudio;
//bool controls the sound effect to play only once
bool IsPlay=false;
// Update is called once per frame
private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
{<!-- -->
if (other. gameObject == Player)
{<!-- -->
// detect the player
IsExit = true;
}
}
//Control function when the game fails
public void Caught()
{<!-- -->
IsFail = true;
}
void Update()
{<!-- -->
if (IsExit)
{<!-- -->
EndLevel(ExitBK, false, winaudio);
}
else if (IsFail)
{<!-- -->
EndLevel(FailBK, true, failaudio);
}
}
//The method when the game wins/loses
void EndLevel(CanvasGroup igCanvasGroup, bool doRestart, AudioSource playaudio)
{<!-- -->
//Sound effect playback
if (!IsPlay)
{<!-- -->
playaudio.Play();
IsPlay = true;
}
//When the player touches the timer, the timer starts to count
timer + = Time.deltaTime;//Control the display of CanvasGroup opacity
igCanvasGroup.alpha = timer / fadeDuration;
//Game victory/failure picture gradient for 1s, display for 1s
if (timer > fadeDuration + displayDuration)
{<!-- -->
// Debug. Log("Fail");
if (doRestart)//The game fails, restart the game
{<!-- -->
SceneManager. LoadScene("Main");
}
else
{<!-- -->
Application. Quit();
}
}
}
}
Observer
Ray detection, to determine whether the player has entered the death zone.
using System. Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Observer : MonoBehaviour
{<!-- -->
//game character
public Transform Player;
public GameEnding gameEnding;
//Whether the game player has entered the line of sight of the scanning rod
bool IsInRange = false;
private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
{<!-- -->
//The scanning stick scans to the player
if (other. gameObject == Player. gameObject)
{<!-- -->
IsInRange = true;
}
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{<!-- -->
if (IsInRange == true)
{<!-- -->
//Ray detection
Vector3 dir = Player.position - transform.position + Vector3.up;//Consider the offset of the center of gravity
Ray ray = new Ray(transform. position, dir);
RaycastHit raycastHit;
if(Physics. Raycast(ray, out raycastHit))
{<!-- -->
if (raycastHit.collider.transform == Player)
{<!-- -->
//The game fails, call the caught method of gameending
gameEnding. Caught();
}
}
}
}
}
WayPointsPatrol
Generate moving points and use arrays to store target points. The specific location can be set in the array waypoints[]
using System. Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.AI;
public class WayPointsPatrol : MonoBehaviour
{<!-- -->
//navigation component
public NavMeshAgent navMeshAgent;
//Array of navigation points
public Transform[] waypoints;
//The target point of the current patrol
int m_currentpointIndex;
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{<!-- -->
navMeshAgent = GetComponent<NavMeshAgent>();
//From the starting point to the first patrol point
navMeshAgent.SetDestination(waypoints[0].position);
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{<!-- -->
// reach the target point, go to the next target point
if (navMeshAgent. remainingDistance<navMeshAgent.stoppingDistance)
{<!-- -->
m_currentpointIndex=(m_currentpointIndex + 1) % waypoints.Length;
navMeshAgent.SetDestination(waypoints[m_currentpointIndex].position);
}
}
}
Several statements worth recording:
void Start() //Initial state function, run at the beginning of the game
void Update() //A function that runs every frame, dynamically acquired
public void FixedUpdate() //Fixed frame update, generally used for physical update
public void OnAnimatorMove() //You can make the object change the space coordinates of the object according to the space displacement of the animation itself
public void OnTriggerEnter() // detect object collision
Time.deltaTime //The next frame time minus the previous frame time //The meaning of its existence: It can make moving objects move at the same average speed at the same time.
navMeshAgent. SetDestination() //The position of the next target point
GameObject. GetComponent<Type>() //GameObject is the variable name of the current game object //Type is the component name, the type is string //Get the current game object component method, you can directly call it to access the game object components and adjust parameters.
Animator //Define animation Rigidbody //Define the rigid body component Vector3 //Define the moving vector Quaternion //Define the rotation angle AudioSource //define audio
Final effect
