Let’s get back to the topic of Python development technology from today, after all, this is what we eat.
Today we will talk about a package called Django-filter that I commonly use in daily development. This package is very convenient for filtering and developing our daily Django development work. We only need to configure a few lines of code to complete our complex of screening.
I mentioned it when I introduced Swagger in the article “Super easy-to-use API tool-Swagger”. Especially for the XXX system management page, it is not very convenient to process. Let me explain in detail below.
Installation configuration
The installation of this tool is very simple through pip.
pip install django-filter
Here I would like to explain the latest django-filter installed here. By default, the new version requires Python 3. If our environment is Python 2.7, we need to install the django-filter 1.1.0 version. In addition, this package depends on the djangorestframework framework. I will refer to it below. DRF.
After installation, we add INSTALLED_APPS
ini
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# settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'rest_framework',
'django_filters',
]
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': (
'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
...
),
}
Here django-filter is used as the default backends, which can also be written in the viewset, see below.
Use
When using it, we need to create a FilterSet class to filter. Without further ado, let’s look at a code.
javascript
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from rest_framework import generics
from django_filters import rest_framework as filters
from myapp import Product
class ProductFilter(filters.FilterSet):
min_price = filters.NumberFilter(field_name="price", lookup_expr='gte')
max_price = filters.NumberFilter(field_name="price", lookup_expr='lte')
class Meta:
model=Product
fields = ['category', 'in_stock', 'min_price', 'max_price']
The above code shows our price range filtering. In practice, we can have more filtering and display methods.
ini
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class ProductFilter(django_filters.rest_framework.FilterSet):
class Meta:
model=Product
fields = {
'order_id': ['exact'],
'status': ['in'],
'created_at': ['range'],
'card__company_name': ['contains'],
'card__email': ['exact'],
}
class ProductList(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = Product.objects.all()
serializer_class = ProductSerializer
filter_backends = (filters.DjangoFilterBackend,) # We don’t need to configure the settings here.
# filterset_class = ProductFilter # django-filter 2.1, python3
filter_class = ProductFilter #django-filter 1.1, python2.7
Above, I show the filtering situation of django-filter from several dimensions such as time range selection, precise filtering, and inclusion, which can satisfy most filtering situations. In addition, I marked that filterset_class is written after Django-filter 1.1, and filter_class is written after Django-filter 1.1. For versions before 1.1, everyone needs to pay attention here.
Effect
As you can see from the above code, by integrating Django-filter into DRF, daily filtering operations are very convenient and effective, which greatly improves our back-end efficiency. You can develop and debug by yourself and deliver complete interfaces to front-end students, making everyone more happy to connect.
Combined with the Swagger I mentioned earlier, the rendering is as follows.
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