Python Pymongo: The perfect way to use Python in MongoDB
MongoDB is a popular non-relational database whose flexibility and scalability make it one of the best choices. It works extremely well with large datasets and integrates well with the Python programming language. The Python Pymongo library is a very popular Python driver for MongoDB, which allows Python developers to easily connect to the MongoDB database, add, delete, modify, and query documents, etc. In this post, we will focus on Python Pymongo and how to use it with MongoDB.
Installation of Pymongo
Pymongo is a third-party library for Python, so you need to install it first. You can install it from the command line using pip:
pip install pymongo
Of course, in order to be able to use pymongo, you have to make sure you have MongoShell and MongoDB drivers installed.
Create a MongoDB connection
Before using Python Pymongo, you need to establish a connection to MongoDB. In Pymongo, you can use the MongoClient class to create a new MongoDB client object. Take a look at the following Python code example:
from pymongo import MongoClient
# Create a new MongoDB client object
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# Get the default 'test' database
db = client.test
In the above code, we create a new MongoDB client object by passing the URL of the MongoDB server to the constructor of the MongoClient class. We can also perform further configuration by setting its authSource and other parameters.
Once we have created a MongoClient object, we can fetch the database and perform various other tasks by using the properties and methods of the client object.
Query MongoDB database
Querying a MongoDB database is a common way to obtain documents and data. In Pymongo, we can use the find() function to query the MongoDB database. In the following Python code example, we will insert some data into the “users” collection in our test database “test”, and then use the find() function to retrieve the data we just inserted.
from pymongo import MongoClient
# Create a new MongoDB connection
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# Get the default test database
db = client.test
# Insert some data
db.users.insert_many([
{<!-- -->'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25},
{<!-- -->'name': 'Bob', 'age': 30},
{<!-- -->'name': 'Charlie', 'age': 35},
])
# query the inserted data
result = db.users.find()
# traverse the result set
for document in result:
print(document)
In the above Python code example, we used the insert_many() function to insert three different user documents into our “users” collection. Then, we use the find() function to retrieve all user documents and output them to the console.
Update MongoDB database
Updating a MongoDB database is a way to change existing data in a document. In Pymongo, we can update documents using update_one() or update_many() functions. In the following Python code example, we will insert some data into our “users” collection and update one of the documents using the update_one() function.
from pymongo import MongoClient
# Create a new MongoDB connection
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# Get the default test database
db = client.test
# Insert some data
db.users.insert_many([
{<!-- -->'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25},
{<!-- -->'name': 'Bob', 'age': 30},
{<!-- -->'name': 'Charlie', 'age': 35},
])
# update document
db.users.update_one({<!-- -->'name': 'Alice'}, {<!-- -->'$set': {<!-- -->'age': 26} })
# query all documents
result = db.users.find()
# traverse the result set
for document in result:
print(document)
In the above Python code example, we use the update_one() function to update the age of the user named “Alice”. Then we retrieve all the documents from the database and output them.
Delete documents in MongoDB database
In addition to querying and updating documents, deleting documents in a MongoDB database is also a common task. In Pymongo, we can delete documents using delete_one() or delete_many() functions. In the following Python code example, we will insert some data into the “users” collection and delete one of the documents using the delete_one() function.
from pymongo import MongoClient
# Create a new MongoDB connection
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# Get the default test database
db = client.test
# Insert some data
db.users.insert_many([
{<!-- -->'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25},
{<!-- -->'name': 'Bob', 'age': 30},
{<!-- -->'name': 'Charlie', 'age': 35},
])
# delete document
db.users.delete_one({<!-- -->'name': 'Alice'})
# query all documents
result = db.users.find()
# traverse the result set
for document in result:
print(document)
In the above Python code example, we use the delete_one() function to delete the document of the user named “Alice”. We then retrieve all documents from the database and output them.
Conclusion
Pymongo is an excellent choice for connecting Python applications and MongoDB databases. Using it, developers can easily connect to databases, query documents, update data, and delete documents, thereby speeding up development. If you are developing an application based on MongoDB, then Pymongo should be one of your first choice. Now that you know how to install Pymongo and use it for basic database operations, you can start building your own MongoDB applications!
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