Foreword
Mylastarticletalkedaboutthebasicintroductionofhttprunner.Thisarticlemainlyintroducestheenvironmentvariablesinhttprunner.
Generallyspeaking,duringthedevelopmentprocessofactualapplications,theapplicationswillhavedifferentrunningenvironments,usuallythefollowingenvironments:
- localdevelopmentenvironment
- testenvironment
- ProductionEnvironment
Indifferentenvironments,wemayusedifferentconfigurationssuchasdatabasesoremailsendingdrivers.Inthiscase,weneedtouse.envfilestomakedifferentsettingsfordifferentoperatingenvironments.
Environmentvariables
Inautomatedtesting,itissometimesnecessarytouseenvironmentvariablestoachievecertainspecificpurposes.Commonscenariosinclude:
- Switchtestenvironment
- Switchtestconfiguration
- Storingsensitivedata(fromaninformationsecurityperspective)
InWindowssystems,usethesetcommandtosetenvironmentvariablesandvalues.Next,setthefollowingvariables
- host=http://127.0.0.1:8000Setthehostvaluetoswitchtherunningenvironmentwithoneclick
- user=testSetloginaccountandpassword,switchaccounttotest
- psw=123456Setloginaccountandpassword,switchaccountstotest
Opencmdandusethesetkey=valueformattosetenvironmentvariables(linuxusestheexportcommand)
C:\Users\dell>sethost=http://127.0.0.1:8000 C:\Users\dell>setname=test C:\Users\dell>setpassword=123456
Toviewthevalueofanenvironmentvariable,usesetkeynametoviewthecorrespondingvalue.
C:\Users\dell>sethost host=http://127.0.0.1:8000 C:\Users\dell>setname name=test C:\Users\dell>setpassword password=123456
InWindowssystems,%var%isusedtoreferencevariablesonthecommandline.
C:\Users\dell>echoaccount:%name% Account:test
Toreferencetheenvironmentvariablejustsetinpython,firstimporttheosmoduleandobtainitusingtheos.environmethod(environisadictdefinedinos.pyenviron={})
C:\Users\dell>python
Python3.6.0(v3.6.0:41df79263a11,Dec232016,08:06:12)[MSCv.190064bit(AMD64)]onwin32
Type"help","copyright","credits"or"license"formoreinformation.
>>>importos
>>>os.environ.get('host')
'http://127.0.0.1:8000'
>>>os.environ.get('name')
'test'
>>>os.environ.get('password')
'123456'
>>>
Allmodificationstoenvironmentvariablesunderthecmdcommandlineareonlyeffectiveforthecurrentwindowandarenotpermanentmodifications.Thatistosay,whenthiscmdcommandlinewindowisclosed,itwillnolongerwork.
Topermanentlymodifyenvironmentvariables,youcansetthesystem’senvironmentvariablesthroughMyComputer→Properties→Advanced.
.envfilesetsenvironmentvariables
Theenvironmentvariablessetincmdcannotbestored,soyouneedtocreatea.envfiletostoretheenvironmentvariables.Thestorageusesthename=valueformat:
Winodwscannotdirectlycreate.envfilesandwillpromptthatthefilenamecannotbeempty.Here,usepycharmtocreateanew.envfile.
(Oryoucreateanewfilethathasbeenusedin1.envandrenameitinthecmdwindowrename1.env.env)
#.env host=http://127.0.0.1:8000 name=test password=123456
Next,writeanENVfunctionindebugtalk.pytoreadenvironmentvariablesanddirectlyreferenceenvironmentvariablesinYAML/JSONscripts.
(Thefunctionenviron(ENVforshort)isbuilt-ininHttpRunner2.xversion)
#debugtalk.py importos defENV(keyname): ''' Getthevaluecorrespondingtotheenvironmentkeyname :return: ''' value=os.environ.get(keyname,'') returnvalue
WhenHttpRunnerisrunning,itwillautomaticallyloadthecontentsofthe.envfileintotheenvironmentvariablesoftheruntime(RunTime),andthentheenvironmentvariablescanbereadduringtheruntime.
Scriptcase
ToreferenceenvironmentvariablesusetheENVfunction${ENV(keyname)
-config:
name:logincase
variables:{}
request:
base_url:${ENV(host)}#Referencetheenvironmentvariablehostvalue
-test:
name:logincase1
request:
url:/api/v1/login/
method:POST
headers:
Content-Type:application/json
User-Agent:python-requests/2.18.4
json:
username:${ENV(name)}#Referencetheenvironmentvariablenamevalue
password:${ENV(password)}#Referencetheenvironmentvariablepasswordvalue
extract:
-token:content.token#Extracttoken
validate:
-eq:[status_code,200]
-eq:[headers.Content-Type,application/json]
-eq:[content.msg,loginsuccess!]
-eq:[content.code,0]
Runtheusecase
D:\soft\untitled\projectdemo>hruntest_env_demo.yml INFOLoadingenvironmentvariablesfromD:\soft\untitled\projectdemo\.env logincase1 INFOPOST/api/v1/login/ INFOstatus_code:200,response_time(ms):517.84ms,response_length:109bytes INFOstarttoextractfromresponseobject. INFOstarttovalidate. . --------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran1testin0.525s OK INFOStarttorenderHtmlreport... INFOGeneratedHtmlreport:D:\soft\untitled\projectdemo\reports\1569661053.html D:\soft\untitled\projectdemo>
Ifthe.envfileanddebugtalkarenotinthesamefolder,youcanusethe–dot-env-pathparametertospecifythepathtothe.env
hruntest_env_demo.yml–dot-env-path/path/to/.env
Youcansetthe–log-levelparametertodebugmodetoviewmoredetailedrunninglogs
>hruntest_env_demo.yml--log-leveldebug
INFOLoadingenvironmentvariablesfromD:\soft\untitled\projectdemo\.env
DEBUGLoadedvariable:host
DEBUGLoadedvariable:name
DEBUGLoadedvariable:password
logincase1
DEBUGcallhook:${setup_hook_prepare_kwargs($request)}
INFOPOST/api/v1/login/
DEBUGrequestkwargs(raw):{'headers':{'content-type':'application/json','user-agent':'python-requests/2.18.4'},'json':{'username':'test','password':'123456'}}
DEBUGprocessedrequest:
>POSThttp://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/login/
Thefunctionenviron(ENVforshort)isbuilt-ininHttpRunner2.xversion
Finally,Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhoreadmyarticlecarefully.Reciprocityisalwaysnecessary.Althoughitisnotaveryvaluablething,ifyoucanuseit,youcantakeitdirectly:
Thisinformationshouldbethemostcomprehensiveandcompletepreparationwarehousefor[softwaretesting]friends.Thiswarehousehasalsoaccompaniedtensofthousandsoftestengineersthroughthemostdifficultjourney.Ihopeitcanalsohelpyou!