ABAP Help Document
1.ABAP Reference
ABAP is developed by SAP to build complex applications in the SAP environment. Three-layer structure: presentation layer, where users use GUI and Web Browser; application layer, composed of many application servers, which are the application execution environment; data layer, composed of database.
These three-layer communication components: ICM (Internet Communication Manager) network communication manager provides network communication, such as: Web Dynpro, BSP; RFC Interface, the same server, different servers directly call RFC Function.
SAP supports Unioncode and Non-Unioncode systems. Non-Unioncode means that one character uses one byte, Unioncode, universal code, uniform and unique encoding for all language characters, utf-8 occupies 1 to 4 bytes, utf-16 occupies 2 to 4 bytes, utf- 32 occupies 4 bytes.
Before Unioncode, SAP used ASCII, EBCDIC, etc. to represent characters with only one byte, and SJIS, BIG5, etc. used two bytes to represent characters.
Use Tcode:UCCHECK to check whether non-Unioncode Program can be converted to Unioncode Program.
1.1 ABAP keywords
Use Tcode:ABAPDOCU, open the ABAP help document, ABAP Words, you can view all the keywords of ABAP.
keywords, operands, operators.
Example 1:
"ABAP keywords, operands, operators
FORM f_abap_statement.
"struct operand -
DATA: BEGIN OF struc1,
elem1 TYPE char1,
END OF struc1.
"Pass-access to the element under the structure
struc1-elem1 = 'X'.
"object operand ->
DATA: lo_c1 TYPE REF TO c1.
CREATE OBJECT lo_c1.
lo_c1->method1( ).
"Static object operand =>
c1=>method2( ).
"Interface operand~
lo_c1->i1~imethod1( ).
"Use keywords, add in front!
DATA !type TYPE char1.
!type = 'X'.
MESSAGE !type TYPE 'S'.
" operator
"1. Assignment operator, =,?=
"MOVE {source {TO|?TO} destination}
" | {EXACT source TO destination}.
DATA:num1 TYPE char10 VALUE '1234567890'.
DATA: num2 TYPE char5.
"Automatically truncate to length
MOVE num1 to num2.
num2 = num1.
"Use EXACT, when the precision is lost, an exception is thrown
"MOVE EXACT num1 TO num2.
"?=,MOVE ?TO can only be used for objects
"MOVE num1 ?TO num2.
WRITE: /num1,num2.
"2. Arithmetic operators
" + |-|*|/|DIV|MOD|**
DATA: cal_num1 TYPE I.
DATA: cal_num2 TYPE float.
cal_num1 = 10.
cal_num2 = '3.0'.
* cal_num2 = cal_num1 + cal_num2.
* WRITE:/cal_num1,cal_num2.
* cal_num2 = cal_num1 - cal_num2.
* WRITE:/cal_num1,cal_num2.
* cal_num2 = cal_num1 * cal_num2.
* WRITE:/cal_num1,cal_num2.
cal_num2 = cal_num1 / cal_num2.
WRITE: /cal_num1,cal_num2.
" divisibility
cal_num2 = cal_num1 DIV cal_num2.
WRITE: /cal_num1,cal_num2.
"exponentiation
* cal_num2 = cal_num1 ** cal_num2.
* WRITE:/cal_num1,cal_num2.
"remainder
* cal_num2 = cal_num1 MOD cal_num2.
* WRITE:/cal_num1,cal_num2.
"3. Bit operation
"BIT-NOT,BIT-AND,BIT-OR,BIT-XOR
DATA: bit_num1 TYPE x VALUE 'E0'.
DATA: bit_num2 TYPE x VALUE '0E'.
DATA: bit_num3 TYPE x.
bit_num3 = BIT-NOT bit_num1.
WRITE:/bit_num3.
bit_num3 = bit_num1 BIT-AND bit_num2.
WRITE:/bit_num3.
bit_num3 = bit_num1 BIT-OR bit_num2.
WRITE:/bit_num3.
bit_num3 = bit_num1 BIT-XOR bit_num2.
WRITE:/bit_num3.
"4. String operation
" &
DATA: str_num1 TYPE char1 VALUE '1'.
DATA: str_num2 TYPE string VALUE 'string'.
DATA: str_num3 TYPE char20.
str_num3 = str_num1 & & str_num2.
WRITE: /str_num3.
"5. Comparison operation
"= EQ,<>><NE,<LT,<=LE,>GT,>=GE
"Character type data comparison relationship
"CO Contains only, op1 CO op2, op1 only contains the characters in op2.
"case sensitive, trailing space
DATA: co_num1 TYPE C LENGTH 10 VALUE 'abcde'.
DATA: co_num2 TYPE C LENGTH 5 VALUE 'abc'.
IF co_num1 CO co_num2.
"If true, the sy-fdpos value is the length of op1, and the defined length is 10
WRITE:/ 'true:',sy-fdpos.
ELSE.
"If false, the value of sy-fdpos is the offset of the first unmatched character in op1
WRITE:/ 'fasle:',sy-fdpos.
ENDIF.
"CN Contains not only, contrary to CO, op1 CN op2, op1 not only includes the characters in op2
"true, sy-fdpos is the offset of the first unmatched character in op1, false, sy-fdpos returns the length of op1
"CA Contains Any,op1 CA op2,op1 contains any character in op2
"case sensitive, trailing space
DATA:ca_num1 TYPE C LENGTH 10 VALUE 'abc'.
DATA: ca_num2 TYPE C LENGTH 5 VALUE 'cde'.
IF ca_num1 CA ca_num2.
"If true, the value of sy-fdpos is the first matching character offset of op1
WRITE:/ 'true:',sy-fdpos.
ELSE.
"If false, the value of sy-fdpos is the length of op1
WRITE:/ 'fasle:',sy-fdpos.
ENDIF.
"NA Contains not Any, op1 NA op2, op1 does not contain any op2 characters
"If false, the value of sy-fdpos is the first matching character offset of op1
"If true, the value of sy-fdpos is the length of op1
"CS Contains string, op1 CS op2, op1 contains op2
"Case insensitive, head spaces will be compared
DATA: cs_num1 TYPE C LENGTH 10 VALUE 'abc'.
DATA: cs_num2 TYPE C LENGTH 5 VALUE 'ab'.
IF cs_num1 CS cs_num2.
"If true, the value of sy-fdpos is the first match character offset of op1
WRITE:/ 'true:',sy-fdpos.
ELSE.
"If false, the value of sy-fdpos is the length of op1
WRITE:/ 'fasle:',sy-fdpos.
ENDIF.
"NS Contains No string, op1 NS op2, op1 does not contain op2
"If true, the value of sy-fdpos is the length of op1
"If false, the value of sy-fdpos is the first match character offset of op1
"CP Cover Pattern, op1 CP op2, op1 matches op2
"Use * to match a string, + to match any single character
"case insensitive
DATA:cp_num1 TYPE C LENGTH 10 VALUE 'deabc'.
DATA:cp_num2 TYPE C LENGTH 8 VALUE '*abc*'.
IF cp_num1 CP cp_num2.
"sy-fdpos contains the offset of operand2 in operand1
WRITE:/ 'true:',sy-fdpos.
ELSE.
"If false, the value of sy-fdpos is the length of op1
WRITE:/ 'fasle:',sy-fdpos.
ENDIF.
"NP NO Pattern, op1 NP op2, op1 does not match op2
"Byte data type relationship comparison, only supports xstring type
"BYTE-CO,op1 BYTE-CO op2,op1 contains bytes only out of op2.
"BYTE-CN,op1 contains bytes not only out of op2
"BYTE-CA,op1 contains any bytes out of op2
"BYTE-NA, op2 contains not any bytes out of op2
"BYTE-CS,op1 contains op2
"BYTE-NS, op1 does not contain op2
DATA: bco_num1 TYPE xstring.
DATA: bco_num2 TYPE xstring.
bco_num1 = '0811FE11'. "8011FE11 are all false, the offset is 0
bco_num2 = '0022FE11'.
IF bco_num1 BYTE-CO bco_num2.
"Return op1 length4, every two characters occupy a length
WRITE:/ 'true:',sy-fdpos.
ELSE.
"false, return op1, the first one does not match the byte offset
WRITE:/ 'fasle:',sy-fdpos.
ENDIF.
"Bit relationship comparison, only supports x, xstring type
"O,Z,M
DATA:b_num1 TYPE xstring VALUE '1111'.
DATA:b_num2 TYPE xstring VALUE 'FFFF'.
"Ones: True if the bits that are 1 in operand2, are also 1 in operand1.
"If operand2 contains only zeroes, the logical expression is always true.
IF bit_num1 O bit_num2.
WRITE:/ 'true'.
ELSE.
WRITE:/ 'false'.
ENDIF.
"Zeros: True, if the bits that are 1 in operand2 are 0 in operand1.
"If operand2 contains only zeroes, the logical expression is always true.
IF bit_num1 Z bit_num2.
WRITE:/ 'true'.
ELSE.
WRITE:/ 'false'.
ENDIF.
"Mixed: True, if of the bits that are 1 in operand2, at least one is 1 and one is 0 in operand1.
"If operand2 contains only zeroes, the logical expression is always false.
IF bit_num1 M bit_num2.
WRITE:/ 'true'.
ELSE.
WRITE:/ 'false'.
ENDIF.
" Boolean operator
"AND,OR,NOT,EQUIV
" literal operator
"'...' & amp; '...' & amp; ... & amp; '...' `...` & amp; `...` & amp ; ... & `...`
DATA:literal_num1 TYPE C LENGTH 10.
DATA:literal_num2 TYPE C LENGTH 20.
" can only operate on characters, not variables
literal_num1 = 'he' & 'll' & 'o'.
"literal_num2 = literal_num1 & literal_num1.
ENDFORM.