(1) Introduction to building
The purpose of this article is to build a single instance database oracle11gR2 + ASM + udev for subsequent testing.
There are 4 articles in the column, each introducing the following steps:
rhel7 server environment setup
udev configure disk and disk planning
Visual installation grid + asm configuration
Visual installation database
Current server rhel7 8G memory
(2) Server environment modification
1. Modify the host configuration
Log in to the system as root
Modify the /etc/hosts configuration by yourself. Modify the host name here.
hostnamectl set-hostname oomc vim /etc/hosts --192.168.80.111 oomc
2. Configure the locale
Modify the environment variables, English, if it is Chinese, then the visual installation will be garbled, you have to change it.
echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF8" >> ~/.bash_profile source ~/.bash_profile
3. Check the hardware requirements (just take a brief look, generally they are met)
[root@oomc ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 8010980 kB
[root@oomc ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@oomc ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 16777212 kB
[root@oomc ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7823 565 6593 14 663 6967
Swap: 16383 0 16383
[root@oomc ~]# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
3.1 Memory Check
The corresponding relationship between memory and swap space is
On Linux, the HugePages feature uses memory-mapped files to allocate non-swappable memory for large page tables. If HugePages is enabled, the memory allocated to HugePages should be deducted from available RAM before swap space is calculated.
| Available memory | Required swap space |
|---|---|
| Between 1 GB and 2 GB | 1.5 times the memory size |
| Between 2 GB and 16 GB | Equal to the size of memory |
| More than 16 GB | 16 Gigabytes |
Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the automatic memory management feature requires more shared memory (and file descriptors). The size of shared memory should be at least the larger of each Oracle instance on the machine.
/dev/shm MEMORY_MAX_TARGETMEMORY_TARGET
MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and does not work with HugePages when enabled or on Linux. MEMORY_TARGETLOCK_SGA
3.2 System Architecture
uname This command displays the processor type. Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software version to be installed. If you do not see the expected output, the software cannot be installed on this system.
3.3 Disk Space
[root@oomc ~]# df -h /tmp Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 64G 4.3G 60G 7% / [root@oomc ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 64G 4.3G 60G 7% / devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.9G 10M 3.9G 1% /run tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sdb1 100G 33M 100G 1% /u01 tmpfs 783M 12K 783M 1% /run/user/989 tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0
| Installation type | Software file requirements (GB) |
|---|---|
| Enterprise Edition | 4.7 |
| Standard Edition | 4.6 |
| Installation type | Data file requirements (GB) |
|---|---|
| Enterprise Edition | 1.7 |
| Standard Edition | 1.5 |
4. Check software requirements
This includes operating system checks, kernel checks, and compiler checks, which are omitted.
For example, if you install the Oracle database on the CentOS series, you can install it. However, since the CentOS series is not an officially supported operating system, you cannot get official support when you encounter problems.
Official support: OEL, rhel, Asianux Server, suse10,11,12, NeoKylin Linux6,7, etc.
5. Create users, groups, directories
common group
-
Oracle manifest group (usually,
oinstall) -
OSDBA group (usually,
dba) -
Oracle software owner (usually,
oracle) -
OSOPER group (optional. Usually
oper)
#Create combined user grid user asm, oracle user database groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupaddoper groupadd asmadmin groupadd asmoper groupadd asmdba useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper,asmadmin oracle useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid #change Password echo oracle1 | passwd --stdin oracle echo grid1 | passwd --stdin grid #Create a directory mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle mkdir -p /u01/app/grid mkdir -p /u01/app/grid/11.2.0 chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle mkdir /u01/app/oraInventory chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory chmod -R 775 /u01
6.yum install dependent packages
Let’s execute one first to see if yum can be used. If it doesn’t work, mount the CD-ROM drive. If it works, just copy and execute them all.
yum install binutils compat-libstdc + + -33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc- gcc-c + + libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc + + libstdc + + -devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh compat-libcap1 yum -y install *vnc*
7. Modify kernel parameters
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF #ORACLE fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 1887436 #//The size of shmall is 7730941100/4k = 1887436. kernel.shmmax = 7730941100 #//It can be 90% of the system memory. The unit is bytes. 8G*1024*1024*1024*90% is approximately equal to 7730941100. kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 EOF -- take effect sysctl -p
Kernel parameter and shell limit values on official documentation are minimum values only. For production database systems, Oracle recommends that you adjust these values to optimize system performance.
| Parameters | Minimum | File |
|---|---|---|
semmsl
|
250
32000 100 128 |
/proc/sys/kernel/sem |
shmall |
2097152 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
shmmax |
Minimum: 536870912
Maximum value: a value 1 byte smaller than the physical memory Recommendation: More than half of physical memory For more information about configuration, see My Oracle Support Note 567506.1. |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
shmmni |
4096 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
file– max |
6815744 | /proc/sys/fs/file-max |
ip_local_port_range |
Minimum: 9000
Maximum value: 65500 |
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
rmem_default |
262144 | /proc/sys/net/ core/rmem_default |
rmem_max |
4194304 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
wmem_default |
262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
wmem_max |
1048576 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
aio-max-nr |
1048576
Note: This value limits concurrent outstanding requests and should be set to avoid I/O subsystem failures. |
/proc/sys/fs/aio-max- |
8. Control user allocation of resources
vi /etc/security/limits.conf --Add it in oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 grid soft nproc 2047 grid hard nproc 16384 grid soft nofile 1024 grid hard nofile 65536 grid soft stack 1024 --Check ulimit -a
| Resource Shell Limitation | Resource | Soft limit | Hard limit |
|---|---|---|---|
|
open file descriptor |
No file |
At least 1024 |
At least 65536 |
|
Number of processes available to a single user |
Non-Prock |
At least 2047 |
At least 16384 |
|
The size of the process stack segment |
stack |
At least 10240 KB |
Minimum 10240 KB, maximum 32768 KB |
9. Configure security, disable selinux and firewall
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld vi /etc/selinux/config --SELINUX=disabled
10. Configure environment variables grid and oracle
su-oracle vim .bash_profile --Add it in export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export ORACLE_SID=oomcdb export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin exit --Exit and enter grid su-grid vim .bash_profile export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2.0 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:. export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:. export ORACLE_SID= + ASM
11. Restart
First upload the compressed package to /u01 to facilitate subsequent operations.
Restart the server
reboot