Article directory
- Preface
- 1. Configure the operating system environment
-
- 0.Environment variable settings
- 1. Turn off the firewall
- 2. Close Selinux
- 3. Mount the optical drive
- 4. Configure local yum file
- 5. Install dependency packages
- 6. Configure host
- 7. Create users and groups
- 8.Create the installation directory
- 9. Configure avahi-deamon
- 10. Turn off transparent huge pages and numa
- 11. Configure the system parameter file (the parameters here are configured according to 8G memory)
- 12. Configure system resource limits
- 13.Configure pam.d
- 14.Configure /dev/shm
- 15. Configure user environment variables
-
- 15.1. Configure root user
- 15.2. Configure oracle user
- 17. Restart
- 18.Verification
- 2. Configure response file
-
- 1. First you need to grant permissions to the /soft directory
- 2. Connect oracle user
- 3. Create a response file
- 3. Silently install database software
- 4. Install monitoring
- 5. Silent installation example
- 6. Log in to the database
- Summarize
Foreword
Some environments do not allow graphical installation of the Oracle database. In this case, you can install it through silent installation. This article is about the process of silently installing the 19c database. If there are any improvements or errors that need to be made during the process, please help point them out.
The environment configuration is as follows:
| IP address | Host name | Instance name | oracle version | Operating system Version |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.40.16 | test16 | testdb | 19c | oraclelinux 7.6 |
1. Configure operating system environment
Note: The installation file is placed in the /soft directory
[root@test16:/root]# ls /soft compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
0. Environment variable setting
#Set the ORACLE_HOME directory ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db #Set the ORACLE_BASE directory ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle #Set oraInventory directory oraInventory_HOME=/u01/app/oraInventory #Set the data file storage directory DATA_HOME=/oradata #Set archive storage directory ARCH_HOME=/oradata/archivelog #Set instance name ORACLE_SID=testdb #Set instance character set INSTANCE_CHARACTERSET=AL32UTF8 #Set the actual national character set INSTANCE_NCHARACTERSET=AL16UTF16 #Set whether CDB mode (TRUE/FALSE) ISCDB=FALSE
1. Turn off the firewall
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld systemctl status firewalld
2. Close Selinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config cat /etc/selinux/config
3. Mount the optical drive
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
4. Configure local yum file
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak -p mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak cat<<EOF>/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [local] name=local baseurl=file:///mnt enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 EOF #renew yum repolist all
5. Install dependency packages
yum install -y bc \ binutils \ compat-libcap1 \ compat-libstdc + + -33 \ gcc \ gcc-c + + \ elfutils-libelf \ elfutils-libelf-devel \ glibc \ glibc-devel \ ksh \ libaio\ libaio-devel \ libgcc \ libstdc + + \ libstdc++-devel\ libxcb \ libX11 \ libXau \ libXi \ libXtst \ libXrender \ libXrender-devel\ make \ net-tools\ nfs-utils \ smartmontools \ sysstat \ e2fsprogs \ e2fsprogs-libs \ fontconfig-devel \ expect \ unzip \ openssh-clients \ readline* \ psmisc --skip-broken
#Note: RHEL 7 requires manual installation of compat-libstdc++ dependency packages:
rpm -ivh /soft/compat-libstdc + + -33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
6. Configure host
cat <<EOF >>/etc/hosts
${<!-- -->HOST_IP} ${<!-- -->HOSTNAME}
EOF
cat /etc/hosts
7. Create users and groups
#Create oinstall dba oper group /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba #Create oracle user /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle # Change the oracle user password to oracle echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle # Check oracle user id oracle
8. Create the installation directory
mkdir -p ${<!-- -->ORACLE_HOME}
mkdir -p ${<!-- -->oraInventory_HOME}
mkdir -p ${<!-- -->DATA_HOME}
mkdir -p ${<!-- -->ARCH_HOME}
chown -R oracle:oinstall ${<!-- -->DATA_HOME}
chown -R oracle:oinstall ${<!-- -->ARCH_HOME}
chown -R oracle:oinstall ${<!-- -->oraInventory_HOME}
chown -R oracle:oinstall ${<!-- -->ORACLE_BASE}
chmod -R 775 ${<!-- -->oraInventory_HOME}
chmod -R 775 ${<!-- -->ORACLE_BASE}
9. Configure avahi-deamon
systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket systemctl stop avahi-daemon.service systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket #CloseNOZEROCONF cat <<EOF >>/etc/sysconfig/network NOZEROCONF=yes EOF cat /etc/sysconfig/network
10. Close transparent large pages and numa
sed -i 's/quiet/quiet transparent_hugepage=never numa=off/' /etc/default/grub grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
11. Configure the system parameter file (the parameters here are configured according to 8G memory)
DAYTIME=$(date + %Y%m%d)
mv /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.${<!-- -->DAYTIME}
memTotal=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}')
totalMemory=$((memTotal / 2048))
shmall=$((memTotal / 4))
if [ $shmall -lt 2097152 ]; then
shmall=2097152
fi
shmmax=$((memTotal * 1024 - 1))
if [ "$shmmax" -lt 4294967295 ]; then
shmmax=4294967295
fi
cat <<EOF >/etc/sysctl.conf
##shmmal's Calculation formula: physical memory 8G: (8*1024*1024*1024)/4096=2097152
##shmmax's Calculation formula: physical memory 8G: (8/2)*1024*1024*1024 -1=4294967295
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = $shmall
kernel.shmmax = $shmmax
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
EOF
##Make it effective
sysctl -p
12. Configure system resource limits
cat <<EOF >>/etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle hard memlock 134217728 oracle soft memlock 134217728 EOF
13.Configure pam.d
cat <<EOF >>/etc/pam.d/login session required pam_limits.so session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so EOF
14.Configure /dev/shm
cp /etc/fstab /tmp/fstab
memTotal=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}')
shmTotal=$(df -k /dev/shm | awk '{print $2}' | head -n 2 | tail -n 1)
if [ "$(grep -E -c "/dev/shm" /etc/fstab)" -eq 0 ]; then
cat <<EOF >>/etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=${<!-- -->memTotal}k 0 0
EOF
mount -o remount /dev/shm
else
if [ "$shmTotal" -lt "$memTotal" ]; then
shmTotal=$memTotal
line=$(grep -n "/dev/shm" /etc/fstab | awk -F ":" '{print $1}')
sed -i "${line} d" /etc/fstab
cat <<EOF >>/etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=${<!-- -->memTotal}k 0 0
EOF
fi
mount -o remount /dev/shm
fi
15. Configure user environment variables
15.1. Configure root user
cat <<EOF >>/root/.bash_profile alias so='su - oracle' export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'\$PWD]# ' EOF
15.2. Configure oracle user
cat <<EOF >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
umask 022
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export ORACLE_BASE=${<!-- -->ORACLE_BASE}
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${<!-- -->HOSTNAME}
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_SID=${<!-- -->ORACLE_SID}
export PATH=/usr/sbin:\$PATH
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:\$PATH
alias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'
export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'\$PWD]\$ '
export INVENTORY_LOCATION=${<!-- -->oraInventory_HOME}
export ORADATADIR=${<!-- -->DATA_HOME}
export ARCHIVEDIR=${<!-- -->ARCH_HOME}
export CHARACTERSET=${<!-- -->INSTANCE_CHARACTERSET}
export NCHARACTERSET=${<!-- -->INSTANCE_NCHARACTERSET}
export ISCDB=${<!-- -->ISCDB}
EOF
cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
17. Restart
#Restart the system to make the previous configuration take effect reboot
18.Verification
cat /etc/selinux/config cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled cat /proc/cmdline rpm -q bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc + + -33 gcc gcc-c + + elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc + + libstdc + + -devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel make net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools sysstat e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-libs fontconfig-devel expect unzip openssh-clients readline psmisc
2. Configure response file
1. First you need to grant permissions to the /soft directory
chown -R oracle.oinstall /soft
2. Connect oracle user
su-oracle cd /soft
3. Create response file
cat <<EOF >>/soft/db.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=${<!-- -->INVENTORY_LOCATION}
ORACLE_BASE=${<!-- -->ORACLE_BASE}
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backupdba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=
EOF
3. Silently install database software
Enter the ORACLE_HOME directory to decompress the installation files and perform silent installation
#Silent installation cd $ORACLE_HOME #Extract the installation files unzip /soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip #Run silent installation ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /soft/db.rsp -ignorePrereq -waitForCompletion
At the end of the installation, two root scripts need to be executed as root.
#After installation, two root scripts need to be executed as root /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/root.sh
4. Install monitoring
su-oracle netca -silent -responsefile $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/netca/netca.rsp lsnrctl status
5. Silent installation example
#Database memory here takes 50% of physical memory
memTotal=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}')
totalMemory=$((memTotal / 2048))
##Execute the installation command
dbca -silent -createDatabase \
-ignorePrereqFailure \
-templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
-responseFile NO_VALUE \
-gdbName ${<!-- -->ORACLE_SID} \
-sid ${<!-- -->ORACLE_SID} \
-sysPassword oracle \
-systemPassword oracle \
-redoLogFileSize 1024 \
-storageType FS \
-databaseConfigType SINGLE \
-datafileDestination ${<!-- -->ORADATADIR} \
-enableArchive true \
-archiveLogDest ${<!-- -->ARCHIVEDIR} \
-characterset ${<!-- -->CHARACTERSET} \
-nationalCharacterSet ${<!-- -->NCHARACTERSET} \
-emConfiguration NONE \
-automaticMemoryManagement false \
-totalMemory ${<!-- -->totalMemory} \
-databaseType OLTP \
-createAsContainerDatabase ${<!-- -->ISCDB}
6. Log in to the database
sqlplus/as sysdba SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE ------------------- READ WRITE
Summary
The above is what I will talk about today. This article only briefly introduces the silent installation method of 19c.