During the UI automation testing process, faced with complex business scenarios, we often encounter the following challenges:
- Simple recording/playback is fast, but cannot adapt to complex scenes;
- Writing automated test scripts is more flexible, but the workload is heavy and maintainability is poor;
- The previous encapsulation technology (PageObject) can adapt to various UI scenarios, but its structure is loose and cannot be migrated across multiple projects;
Therefore, testing teams often also need a custom testing framework to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing framework.
Test framework encapsulation idea
Since the UI automated testing framework is used around the UI interface, the PageObject design pattern is still used to encapsulate the UI and tests. At the same time, it cooperates with the Pytest unit test to effectively organize and apply the scripts coherently, thereby improving the maintainability and readability of the framework. sex.
Since the test framework is based on the PageObject design pattern, the main directions are PO improvement, data-driven, exception handling, etc., such as:
- Data-driven test data: store data in external yaml files and use yaml tools to read data;
- Data-driven data steps: Put the operation steps into an external yaml file, use the yaml tool to read the operation steps, and use special functions to parse and implement the operation steps;
- Automated exception handling mechanism: Encapsulate and improve the element search module, including how to handle pop-up windows;
Page_Object Transformation
As a general UI testing framework, PageObjet is not only suitable for web automated testing, but also Appium mobile automated testing. Its advantages are as follows:
- Reduce code duplication
- Improve test case readability
- Improve test case maintainability
PO transformation example (based on Snowball App)
This case will encapsulate and improve Snowball App with Page Object.
When you start the Snowball App, you will enter the homepage. Click the search box to enter the search page, search for a stock and determine whether the stock price is greater than 200:
The module relationship of PageObject is as follows. All modules must inherit BasePage. App implements operations such as starting, restarting, and stopping. Main implements operations such as entering the search page and entering the stock page:
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The base_page module is the parent class of all page classes, which defines public methods. For example, after encapsulating the find method below, subclasses can call find:
from appium.webdriver.webdriver import WebDriver
classBasePage:
_driver: WebDriver
def __init__(self, driver: WebDriver = None):
self._driver = driver
def find(self, locator, value: str = None):
#If a tuple is passed in, just use one parameter: locator
if isinstance(locator, tuple):
return self._driver.find_element(*locator)
else:
return self._driver.find_element(locator, value)
The App module encapsulates the app’s startup, restart, stop and other methods. When the app starts, it will enter the main page, so the main method below must return Main. The definition of the Main class will be explained later:
from appium import webdriver
from test_appium.page.base_page import BasePage
from test_appium.page.main import Main
class App(BasePage):
#Specify the package name and activity name of the app
_package = "com.xueqiu.android"
_activity = ".view.WelcomeActivityAlias"
def start(self):
#Initialize if driver is empty
if self._driver is None:
caps = {}
caps["platformName"] = "android"
caps["deviceName"] = "hogwarts"
caps["appPackage"] = self._package
caps["appActivity"] = self._activity
caps["noReset"] = True
#Initialize driver
self._driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)
self._driver.implicitly_wait(30)
#If the driver is not empty, start the activity directly
else:
print(self._driver)
self._driver.start_activity(self._package, self._activity)
return self
def restart(self):
pass
def stop(self):
pass
def main(self) -> Main:
#When the app starts, jump to (instantiate) Main
return Main(self._driver)
The Main module is the PageObject of the homepage, and its methods encapsulate important functions of the homepage. For example, goto_search_page in the following code encapsulates click search and jumps to the Search page:
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from test_appium.page.base_page import BasePage
from test_appium.page.profile import Profile
from test_appium.page.search import Search
class Main(BasePage):
#After clicking the search button, enter the search page
def goto_search_page(self):
self.find(MobileBy.ID, "tv_search").click()
#Enter the search page
return Search(self._driver)
def goto_stocks(self):
pass
def goto_trade(self):
pass
def goto_messages(self):
pass
The Search module can search for a stock and obtain the price of the stock, such as the following figure:
The packaging code is as follows:
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
class Search:
_driver: WebDriver
def __init__(self, driver):
self._driver = driver
#Enter what you want to search for
def search(self, key: str):
self._driver.find_element(MobileBy.ID, "search_input_text").send_keys(key)
self._driver.find_element(MobileBy.ID, "name").click()
return self
#Get the stock price for judgment
def get_price(self, key: str) -> float:
return float(self._driver.find_element(MobileBy.ID, "current_price").text)
Finally, create a test for the above code and create a new test module test_search:
import pytest
from test_appium.page.app import App
class TestSearch:
def setup(self):
self.main = App().start().main()
def test_search(self):
assert self.main.goto_search_page().search("alibaba").get_price("BABA") > 200
The above is for your reference, please leave a message to discuss together.
Finally, I would like to thank everyone who has read my article carefully. Looking at the increase in fans and attention, there is always some courtesy. Although it is not a very valuable thing, if you can use it, you can take it directly!
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