Step 1: Merge the code. After merging, the test can be run directly. There are 405 lines of code in total.
Step 2: Delete duplicate import statements
pygame.font does not need to be introduced separately
The settings, game_stats, button, scoreboard, ship, and alien classes are directly defined in the file and do not need to be introduced again.
The functions in the game_factions class are defined directly in the file and do not need to be introduced. Delete and modify the name when the function is called (remove the alias gf)
There are still 381 lines of code left, and the test runs without any problems.
Step 3: Adjust the order of the following categories
Step 4: Analyze the streamlined code
Add the variable screen_rect and pass it as a parameter to reduce the use of self.screen=screen and self.screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()
There are still 378 lines of code left, and the test runs without problems.
Step 5: Function part
Adjust functions according to the logical order of program operation, reduce function names and function calls, and reduce function nesting
Step 6: Reduce unnecessary calculation functions. The number of aliens in each row is 9 and the number of rows is 4. There is no need to pass the ship parameter.
Step 7: Use the unchanged value directly to reduce the number of variables
After completion, the code will be within 300 lines and all functions will remain unchanged.
end.
Attach all code
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from pygame.sprite import Group
importsys
from time import sleep
class Settings():
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self): #Dynamic settings, the value will be increased accordingly after the level is increased
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
self.alien_speed_factor = 1
self.fleet_direction = 1 # 1 means right, -1 means left
self.alien_points = 50
def increase_speed(self):
self.ship_speed_factor *= 1.1
self.bullet_speed_factor *= 1.1
self.alien_speed_factor *= 1.1
self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * 1.5)
class GameStats():
def __init__(self):
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active = False
self.high_score = 0
def reset_stats(self):
self.ships_left = 3
self.score = 0
self.level = 1
classButton():
def __init__(self,msg,screen_rect):
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,200,50)
self.rect.center = screen_rect.center
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self,msg):
self.msg_image = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48).render(msg,True,(255,255,255),(0,255,0))
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self,screen):
screen.fill((0,255,0),self.rect) # display rectangle
screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect) # display text Play
class Scoreboard():
def __init__(self, ai_settings, stats, screen_rect, screen):
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.stats = stats
self.prep_score() # Current score
self.prep_high_score(screen_rect) # highest score
self.prep_level() #Current level
self.prep_ships(screen,screen_rect) # The number of remaining spaceships
def prep_score(self):
rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1)) # -1 means rounding to the left of the decimal point
score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score) # thousands separator
self.score_image = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48).render(score_str,True,(30,30,30),(230,230,230))
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = 1180
self.score_rect.top = 20
def prep_high_score(self,screen_rect):
high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image =pygame.font.SysFont(None,48).render(high_score_str,True,(30,30,30),(230,230,230))
self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx = screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top = 20
def prep_level(self):
self.level_image = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48).render(str(self.stats.level),True,(30,30,30),(230,230,230))
self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right = 1180
self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
def prep_ships(self,screen,screen_rect):
self.ships = Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left): # Use the number of pictures to represent the number of remaining ships
ship = Ship(screen,self.ai_settings,screen_rect)
ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y = 10
self.ships.add(ship)
def show_score(self,screen):
screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
self.ships.draw(screen)
class Ship(Sprite):
def __init__(self,screen,ai_settings,screen_rect):
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.image = pygame.image.load("images/ship.bmp")
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx = screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = screen_rect.bottom
self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def update(self):
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < 1200:
self.center + = self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
self.rect.centerx = self.center
def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def center_ship(self,screen_rect):
self.center = screen_rect.centerx
class Bullet(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings,ship):
super().__init__()
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,3,15)
self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
self.y -= self.speed_factor
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self,screen):
pygame.draw.rect(screen,(60,60,60),self.rect)
class Alien(Sprite):
def __init__(self,ai_settings):
super().__init__()
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.image = pygame.image.load("images/alien.bmp")
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def update(self):
self.x + = self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction
self.rect.x = self.x
def check_events(ship,ai_settings,bullets,play_button,stats,aliens,sb,screen_rect,screen): #Event loop
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys. exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
if len(bullets) < 3: # Fire, fire bullets and join the group
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys. exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame. mouse. get_pos()
check_play_button(play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,stats,aliens,bullets,ai_settings,ship,sb,screen_rect,screen)
def check_play_button(play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,stats,aliens,bullets,ai_settings,ship,sb,screen_rect,screen):
button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
if button_clicked and not stats.game_active: # Click the Play button
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) #Hide the mouse in the game
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active = True
sb.prep_score()
sb. prep_high_score(screen_rect)
sb.prep_level()
sb. prep_ships(screen, screen_rect)
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings, aliens)
ship. center_ship(screen_rect)
def update_bullets(bullets,aliens,ai_settings,stats,sb,screen_rect):
bullets.update() # Update bullet position
for bullet in bullets.copy(): # Detect bullets that reach the top of the screen and delete them
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,False,True) # Bullet and alien collision detection
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions. values():
stats.score + = ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
sb.prep_score()
if stats.score > stats.high_score: # Check the highest score
stats.high_score = stats.score
sb. prep_high_score(screen_rect)
if len(aliens) == 0:
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
stats.level + = 1
sb.prep_level()
create_fleet(ai_settings,aliens)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,aliens): # Create an alien group
for row_number in range(4):
for alien_number in range(9):
alien = Alien(ai_settings)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def ship_hit(stats,aliens,bullets,ship,ai_settings,sb,screen,screen_rect): # Reset the game after a ship collision
if stats.ships_left > 0:
stats.ships_left -= 1
sb.prep_ships(screen,screen_rect)
aliens. empty()
bullets. empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings,aliens)
ship.center_ship(screen_rect)
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def update_aliens(aliens,ai_settings,ship,stats,bullets,screen_rect,sb,screen):
for alien in aliens.sprites(): # When reaching the edge of the screen, move downward and change the direction of movement
if alien.rect.right >= 1200 or alien.rect.left <= 0:
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += 10
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
break
aliens. update()
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens): # Collision detection between ship and aliens
ship_hit(stats, aliens, bullets, ship, ai_settings, sb, screen, screen_rect)
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
ship_hit(stats, aliens, bullets, ship, ai_settings, sb, screen, screen_rect)
break
def run_game():
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1200,800))
screen_rect = screen. get_rect()
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
stats = GameStats()
play_button = Button("Play",screen_rect)
sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings,stats,screen_rect,screen)
ship = Ship(screen,ai_settings,screen_rect)
bullets = Group()
aliens = Group()
create_fleet(ai_settings, aliens)
while True:
screen.fill((230,230,230))
check_events(ship, ai_settings, bullets, play_button, stats, aliens, sb, screen_rect, screen)
if stats. game_active:
ship. update()
update_bullets(bullets, aliens, ai_settings, stats, sb, screen_rect)
update_aliens(aliens, ai_settings, ship, stats, bullets, screen_rect, sb, screen)
for bullet in bullets. sprites():
bullet. draw_bullet(screen)
ship. blitme()
aliens.draw(screen)
sb. show_score(screen)
if not stats. game_active:
play_button. draw_button(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
run_game()