curl is a tool for transferring data from or to a server. It supports these protocols: DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, gopers, Http, https, imap, imaps, ldap, ldaps, mqtt, pop3, pop3s, rtmp, rtmp, rtsp, scp, sftp, smb, smbs, smtp , smtps, telnet, tftp, ws WSS. This command is designed to work without user interaction.
Options:
–abstract-unix-socket
(HTTP) Connect via an abstract Unix domain socket instead of using the network
-a, –append
When uploading files using ftp, append content to the target file instead of overwriting it. If the remote file does not exist, it will be created.
-K, –config
Specify a file for curl to read as an option parameter
–connect-timeout
Specify the curl connection timeout, the unit is seconds, you can specify a decimal
Example:
[root@192 ~]# curl --connect-timeout 20 www.baidu.com
-C, –continue-at
Resume the terminated transfer process. When downloading a file, an unexpected termination request is encountered. Add this option to continue downloading. Offset can specify where to offset the download. The unit is k. If offset does not give a value, then You can use -C - let curl automatically infer the offset position
-c, –cookie-jar
Save the cookie in memory after the request is completed
-b, –cookie
When requesting, pass the cookie to the http service header
–create-dirs
When saving the downloaded file, you can specify the directory to save. If the directory does not exist, it will be created automatically. The default owner permission of the file is 0750.
–create-file-mode
When using ftp to upload files, bring this option to specify the owner permissions. The default is 0644.
–data-binary
Transfer binary data to the server, starting with @ means it is a file
–data-raw
Transmit data as is, without parsing or escaping
–data-urlencode
The requested data is url encoded
-d, –data
Send a post request to the server and specify the request parameters
Example:
curl -d "name=curl" https://example.com curl -d "name=curl" -d "tool=cmdline" https://example.com This can be combined as: curl -d "name=curl & amp;tool=cmdline" https://example.com curl -d @filename https://example.com
-D, –dump-header
Write request header information to the specified file
-F, –form
Send http form request data
-G, –get
Use the get method to send an http request. If -d, --data, --data-binary or --data-urlencode is used in the command, all request parameters are placed after the url as the query string.
Example:
curl --get https://example.com curl --get -d "tool=curl" -d "age=old" https://example.com
-g, –globoff
Close the global parser. Symbols that need to be parsed and escaped will be treated as ordinary strings.
Example:
curl -g "https://example.com/{[]}}}}"
-I, –head
Only output request headers
Example:
curl -I https://example.com
-H, –header header/@file
Specify the request header. You can set the request header to empty to override the default request header, for example: -H "Host:"
Example:
curl -H "X-First-Name: Joe" https://example.com curl -H "User-Agent: yes-please/2000" https://example.com curl -H "Host:" https://example.com curl -H @headers.txt https://example.com
–json
Specify http json request and send json data
This option is a combination of the following three options: --data [arg] --header "Content-Type: application/json" --header "Accept: application/json"
Example:
curl --json '{ "drink": "coffe" }' https://example.com
curl --json @prepared https://example.com
curl --json @- https://example.com < json.txt
–keepalive-time
The time interval for sending heartbeats to keep the connection, unit: seconds
Example:
curl --keepalive-time 20 https://example.com
–libcurl
Specify a file name, and then the curl request process will write the file in the form of C source code.
Example:
curl --libcurl client.c https://example.com
–limit-rate
Limit the transmission rate. The default unit is K. K, M, G, T, and P are available.
Example:
curl --limit-rate 100K https://example.com curl --limit-rate 1000 https://example.com curl --limit-rate 10M https://example.com
-l, –list-only
List ftp directories
Example:
curl --list-only ftp://example.com/dir/
-L, –location
If the page requested by curl is redirected, it will automatically follow the request.
Example:
curl -L https://example.com
–max-filesize
Maximum file download size, available units: K, M, G
Example:
curl --max-filesize 100K https://example.com
–max-redirs
Maximum number of redirects, used in combination with -L
Example:
curl -L --max-redirs 3 https://example.com
-:, –next
You can specify multiple requests, and each request can use a different request method. For example, first use post request, and then use get request. This option is to reset the current option.
Example:
curl www1.example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com
-o, –output
Specify the saved file name when downloading the file
Example:
General usage
curl -o aa example.com
#1 corresponds to the variable {one, two}, which is automatically named.
curl "http://{one,two}.example.com" -o "file_#1.txt"
#1, #2 correspond to {site,host} [1-5] respectively
curl "http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com" -o "#1_#2"
Suppress output, redirect to trash
curl example.com -o /dev/null
-#, –progress-bar
Display a progress bar with a # symbol instead of verbose output
Example:
curl -# -O https://example.com
-x, –proxy [protocol://]host[:port]
Use a proxy server to request. The default is to use the http protocol. When the port is not specified, the default port is 1080.
Example:
curl -x 127.0.0.1:9090 https://example.com
-U, –proxy-user user:password
When using a proxy server, you need to specify a username and password
Example:
curl --proxy-user name:pwd -x proxy https://example.com
–rate
Limit the rate of retry requests, the format is: N/U, N represents the number of requests, U represents the unit, the available units are: s (second), m (minute), h (hour), d (day ), the default unit is per hour, the internal function of this option uses a millisecond level scheme, if the setting exceeds 1000 times per second, the option will become unlimited rate
Example:
curl --rate 2/s https://example.com curl --rate 3/h https://example.com curl --rate 14/m https://example.com
-e, –referer
Specify the source address. If specified as: ";auto", curl will automatically infer
Example:
curl --referer "https://fake.example" https://example.com curl --referer "https://fake.example;auto" -L https://example.com curl --referer ";auto" -L https://example.com
-O, –remote-name
When downloading a file, specifying this option will use the name of the remote file
Example:
curl -O https://example.com/filename
–retry
Specify the number of curl retries
Example:
curl --retry 7 https://example.com
-s, –silent
Silent mode, no information is output
Example:
curl -s https://example.com
–trace
Print complete input, output, error and other information, and you can specify the output file
Example:
curl --trace log.txt https://example.com
-T, –upload-file
Tell curl that the file is currently being uploaded via ftp
Example:
curl -T file https://example.com curl -T "img[1-1000].png" ftp://ftp.example.com/
-A, –user-agent
Specify the user agent of the http request header
Example:
curl -A "Agent 007" https://example.com
-v, –verbose
Print detailed debug information
Example:
curl -v https://example.com
-V, –version
Print curl version information
-w, –write-out
Use curl predefined variables to print out useful information about the input and output operation process.
Example:
curl -w '%{response_code}\
' https://example.com