[Agricultural University] Python Painting Master
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- 1. Let us analyze these functions used one by one.
- 2. Let’s take a look at all the final code
- 3. Finally, let’s take a look at the results of the operation.
In Python, we can use graphics libraries like turtle to draw chess. However, due to the complexity of chess, this may require a lot of code and patience. Here, I will provide a simple example to explain how to use turtle to draw a chessboard. Among them, the main functions used in this example are as follows:
draw_chessboard(x, y)：
draw_camp():
marker(x, y)：
draw_marker_gun():
draw_marker_soldier():
piece_cirle(radius)：
piece_font(x, fontColor)：
draw_boundary(x, y)：
draw_piece_soldier(x, y)：
draw_piece_gun(x, y)：
draw_piece_other(x, y)：
1. Let us analyze these functions used one by one
First, draw the squares of the chessboard based on the initial position coordinates x, y of the brush and the cell width.
def draw_chessboard(x, y):
t.penup() # Lift the brush
t.goto(x - width // 5, y - width // 5)
t.pendown() # Drop the brush
t.fillcolor('orange')
t.begin_fill() # Start filling
for i in range(2):
t.forward(8 * width + 2 * width // 5)
t.left(90)
t.forward(9 * width + 2 * width // 5)
t.left(90)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
for i in range(10):
t.goto(x, y + i * width)
t.pendown()
t.forward(8 * width)
t.penup()
t.left(90)
for i in range(9):
t.goto(x + i * width, y)
t.pendown()
t.forward(4 * width)
t.penup()
t.forward(width)
t.pendown()
t.forward(4 * width)
t.penup()
Then draw the diagonal line of the chessboard commander according to the coordinates x, y of the initial position of the brush and the width of the cell.
def draw_camp():
t.penup()
t.goto(-width, -4 * width)
t.pendown()
t.goto(width, -2 * width)
t.goto(-width, -2 * width)
t.goto(width, -4 * width)
t.penup()
t.goto(-width, 5 * width)
t.pendown()
t.goto(width, 3 * width)
t.goto(-width, 3 * width)
t.goto(width, 5 * width)
t.penup()
Draw artillery marks
def marker(x, y):
t.penup()
t.goto(x - 3, y - 9)
for i in range(4):
t.pendown()
t.forward(6)
t.left(90)
t.forward(6)
t.right(90)
t.penup()
t.forward(6)
t.pendown()
t.right(90)
t.penup()
Draw marks for both sides’ gun positions
def draw_marker_gun():
maker_of_x = [pos_of_x + width, pos_of_x + 7 * width, pos_of_x + width, pos_of_x + 7 * width] # Cannon position x coordinate
maker_of_y = [pos_of_y + 2 * width, pos_of_y + 2 * width, pos_of_y + 7 * width, pos_of_y + 7 * width]
for i in range(4):
marker(maker_of_x[i], maker_of_y[i])
Draw marks for the positions of soldiers on both sides
def draw_marker_soldier():
for i in range(5):
marker(pos_of_x + 2 * i * width, pos_of_y + 3 * width)
marker(pos_of_x + 2 * i * width, pos_of_y + 6 * width)
Draw the circle of the chess pieces and fill it with white
def piece_cirle(radius):
t.pensize(3)
t.fillcolor('white') # Set the fill color to white
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(radius) # Draw a circle with radius radius
t.end_fill()
Receive the text and color on the chess piece and write the text on the chess piece
def piece_font(x, fontColor):
t.color(fontColor)
t.write(x, font=('official script', width // 2, 'normal')) # Write on the chess pieces
Writing about Chu, He and Han realms
def draw_boundary(x, y):
t.goto(x + 7 / 4 * width, y + 17 / 4 * width)
t.pendown()
t.color("green")
t.write("Chu River Han Boundary", font=('official script', width // 2, 'normal'))
t.penup()
Draw pawns and pawns for both black and red sides
def draw_piece_soldier(x, y):
for j in range(2):
for i in range(5):
t.penup()
t.goto(x + 2 * i * width + 1 / 3 * width, y + 3 * width + 3 * j * width)
t.pendown()
t.pencolor(font_color[j])
piece_circle(1 / 3 * width)
t.penup()
t.goto(x + 2 * i * width - 1 / 3 * width, y + 3 * width - 1 / 4 * width + 3 * j * width)
t.pendown()
piece_font(chess_pieces[j][9], font_color[j])
Draw the chess pieces and cannons of both black and red sides
def draw_piece_gun(x, y):
for j in range(2):
for i in range(2):
t.penup()
t.goto(x + width + 6 * i * width + 1 / 3 * width, y + 2 * width + j * 5 * width)
t.pendown()
t.pencolor(font_color[j])
piece_circle(1 / 3 * width)
t.penup()
t.goto(x + 2 / 3 * width + 6 * i * width, y + 2 * width - 1 / 4 * width + j * 5 * width)
t.pendown()
piece_font(chess_pieces[j][10], font_color[j])
Add text to other chess pieces
def draw_piece_other(x, y):
for j in range(2):
for i in range(9):
t.penup()
t.goto(x + i * width + 1 / 3 * width, y + 9 * j * width)
t.pendown()
t.pencolor(font_color[j])
piece_circle(1 / 3 * width)
t.penup()
t.goto(x + i * width - 1 / 3 * width, y - 1 / 4 * width + 9 * j * width)
t.pendown()
piece_font(chess_pieces[j][i], font_color[j])
Finally, run the main program
if __name__ == '__main__':
# t.tracer(10) # Uncommenting can speed up the refresh drawing speed
t.speed(0) # Drawing speed
t.pensize(2) # Brush thick line
width = 60 # Set the width of each grid
t.screensize(10 * width, 12 * width) # The canvas size is 12 times the cell width
pos_of_x, pos_of_y = -4 * width, -4 * width # Initial coordinates of the brush
chess_pieces = [['car', 'horse', 'phase', 'official', 'handsome', 'official', 'phase', 'horse\ ', 'car', 'soldier', 'cannon'],
['Car', 'Horse', 'Xiang', 'Shi', 'Jiang', 'Shi', 'Xiang', 'Horse', \ 'Car', 'Pawn', 'Cannon']]
font_color = ['red', 'green'] # Set the chess piece fill color
draw_chessboard(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw an empty chessboard
draw_camp() # Draw the general’s barracks
draw_marker_gun() # Draw gun position markers
draw_marker_soldier() # Draw soldier position markers
draw_boundary(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw the Chu-Han boundary
draw_piece_soldier(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw chess pieces and pawns
draw_piece_gun(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw the chess piece gun
draw_piece_other(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw other pieces
t.hideturtle() # Hide brush
t.update() # Update cache
t.done() # End drawing
2. Let’s take a look at the final code
import turtle as t
def draw_chessboard(x, y):
"""According to the initial position coordinates x, y of the brush and the cell width, draw the squares of the chessboard"""
t.penup() # Lift the brush
t.goto(x - width // 5, y - width // 5)
t.pendown() # Drop the brush
t.fillcolor('orange')
t.begin_fill() # Start filling
for i in range(2):
t.forward(8 * width + 2 * width // 5)
t.left(90)
t.forward(9 * width + 2 * width // 5)
t.left(90)
t.end_fill()
t.penup()
for i in range(10):
t.goto(x, y + i * width)
t.pendown()
t.forward(8 * width)
t.penup()
t.left(90)
for i in range(9):
t.goto(x + i * width, y)
t.pendown()
t.forward(4 * width)
t.penup()
t.forward(width)
t.pendown()
t.forward(4 * width)
t.penup()
def draw_camp():
"""According to the initial position coordinates x, y of the brush and the width of the cell, draw the diagonal line of the chessboard commander"""
t.penup()
t.goto(-width, -4 * width)
t.pendown()
t.goto(width, -2 * width)
t.goto(-width, -2 * width)
t.goto(width, -4 * width)
t.penup()
t.goto(-width, 5 * width)
t.pendown()
t.goto(width, 3 * width)
t.goto(-width, 3 * width)
t.goto(width, 5 * width)
t.penup()
def marker(x, y):
"""Draw artillery marks"""
t.penup()
t.goto(x - 3, y - 9)
for i in range(4):
t.pendown()
t.forward(6)
t.left(90)
t.forward(6)
t.right(90)
t.penup()
t.forward(6)
t.pendown()
t.right(90)
t.penup()
def draw_marker_gun():
"""Draw marks for both sides' gun positions"""
maker_of_x = [pos_of_x + width, pos_of_x + 7 * width, pos_of_x + width, pos_of_x + 7 * width] # Cannon position x coordinate
maker_of_y = [pos_of_y + 2 * width, pos_of_y + 2 * width, pos_of_y + 7 * width, pos_of_y + 7 * width]
for i in range(4):
marker(maker_of_x[i], maker_of_y[i])
def draw_marker_soldier():
"""Draw marks for the positions of soldiers on both sides"""
for i in range(5):
marker(pos_of_x + 2 * i * width, pos_of_y + 3 * width)
marker(pos_of_x + 2 * i * width, pos_of_y + 6 * width)
def piece_cirle(radius):
"""Draw a circle of chess pieces and fill it with white"""
t.pensize(3)
t.fillcolor('white') # Set the fill color to white
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(radius) # Draw a circle with radius radius
t.end_fill()
def piece_font(x, fontColor):
"""Receive the text and color on the chess piece, and write the text on the chess piece"""
t.color(fontColor)
t.write(x, font=('official script', width // 2, 'normal')) # Write on the chess pieces
def draw_boundary(x, y):
"""Written on the Chu, He and Han realms"""
t.goto(x + 7 / 4 * width, y + 17 / 4 * width)
t.pendown()
t.color("green")
t.write("Chu River Han Boundary", font=('official script', width // 2, 'normal'))
t.penup()
def draw_piece_soldier(x, y):
"""Draw the pawns and pawns of the black and red sides"""
for j in range(2):
for i in range(5):
t.penup()
t.goto(x + 2 * i * width + 1 / 3 * width, y + 3 * width + 3 * j * width)
t.pendown()
t.pencolor(font_color[j])
piece_circle(1 / 3 * width)
t.penup()
t.goto(x + 2 * i * width - 1 / 3 * width, y + 3 * width - 1 / 4 * width + 3 * j * width)
t.pendown()
piece_font(chess_pieces[j][9], font_color[j])
def draw_piece_gun(x, y):
"""Draw the chess pieces and cannons of the black and red sides"""
for j in range(2):
for i in range(2):
t.penup()
t.goto(x + width + 6 * i * width + 1 / 3 * width, y + 2 * width + j * 5 * width)
t.pendown()
t.pencolor(font_color[j])
piece_circle(1 / 3 * width)
t.penup()
t.goto(x + 2 / 3 * width + 6 * i * width, y + 2 * width - 1 / 4 * width + j * 5 * width)
t.pendown()
piece_font(chess_pieces[j][10], font_color[j])
def draw_piece_other(x, y):
"""Add text for other chess pieces"""
for j in range(2):
for i in range(9):
t.penup()
t.goto(x + i * width + 1 / 3 * width, y + 9 * j * width)
t.pendown()
t.pencolor(font_color[j])
piece_circle(1 / 3 * width)
t.penup()
t.goto(x + i * width - 1 / 3 * width, y - 1 / 4 * width + 9 * j * width)
t.pendown()
piece_font(chess_pieces[j][i], font_color[j])
if __name__ == '__main__':
# t.tracer(10) # Uncommenting can speed up the refresh drawing speed
t.speed(0) # Drawing speed
t.pensize(2) # Brush thick line
width = 60 # Set the width of each grid
t.screensize(10 * width, 12 * width) # The canvas size is 12 times the cell width
pos_of_x, pos_of_y = -4 * width, -4 * width # Initial coordinates of the brush
chess_pieces = [['car', 'horse', 'phase', 'official', 'handsome', 'official', 'phase', 'horse\ ', 'car', 'soldier', 'cannon'],
['Car', 'Horse', 'Xiang', 'Shi', 'Jiang', 'Shi', 'Xiang', 'Horse', \ 'Car', 'Pawn', 'Cannon']]
font_color = ['red', 'green'] # Set the chess piece fill color
draw_chessboard(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw an empty chessboard
draw_camp() # Draw the general’s barracks
draw_marker_gun() # Draw gun position markers
draw_marker_soldier() # Draw soldier position markers
draw_boundary(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw the Chu-Han boundary
draw_piece_soldier(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw chess pieces and pawns
draw_piece_gun(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw the chess piece gun
draw_piece_other(pos_of_x, pos_of_y) # Draw other pieces
t.hideturtle() # Hide brush
t.update() # Update cache
t.done() # End drawing
3. Finally, let’s take a look at the results
