- Operating System: Raspberry Pi
Error symptoms
When we install the gevent package of python, it is a pity that sometimes the installation fails. I hope your failure is the same as mine, so that it can help you solve the problem. The installation error message is as follows:
sudo pip install gevent
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting gevent
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c8/18/631398e45c109987f2d8e57f3adda161cc5ff2bd8738ca830c3a2dd41a85/gevent-21.12.0.tar.gz
Installing build dependencies ... error
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -m pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-ix_DdY --no-warn-script-location --no- binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple --extra-index-url https://www.piwheels.org/simple -- "setuptools >= 40.8. 0" wheel "Cython >= 3.0a9" "cffi >= 1.12.3 ; platform_python_implementation == 'CPython'" "greenlet >= 0.4.17, < 2.0 ; platform_python_implementation == 'CPython '":
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting setuptools>=40.8.0
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e1/b7/182161210a13158cd3ccc41ee19aadef54496b74f2817cc147006ec932b4/setuptools-44.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting wheel
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/27/d6/003e593296a85fd6ed616ed962795b2f87709c3eee2bca4f6d0fe55c6d00/wheel-0.37.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Cython>=3.0a9
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c4/7c/293f5e9311664af5f54ca46dcb2118fc1b4e551eec161f74c050f17cd991/Cython-3.0.0a10-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting cffi>=1.12.3
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2b/a8/050ab4f0c3d4c1b8aaa805f70e26e84d0e27004907c5b8ecc1d31815f92a/cffi-1.15.1.tar.gz
Collecting greenlet<2.0,>=0.4.17
Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=1.12.3)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/62/d5/5f610ebe421e85889f2e55e33b7f9a6795bd982198517d912eb1c76e1a53/pycparser-2.21-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cffi: started
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cffi: finished with status 'error'
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-Ez5ALp/cffi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, ' open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\\
', '\\
');f.close();exec(compile( code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-lxLCdt --python-tag cp27:
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
running build_ext
building '_cffi_backend' extension
creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7
creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2 .7-InigCj/python2.7-2.7.16=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -DFFI_BUILDING=1 -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr /include/libffi -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/c/_cffi_backend.o
c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
#include <ffi.h>
^~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for cffi
Running setup.py clean for cffi
Failed to build cffi
Installing collected packages: setuptools, wheel, Cython, pycparser, cffi, greenlet
Running setup.py install for cffi: started
Running setup.py install for cffi: finished with status 'error'
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-Ez5ALp/cffi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, ' open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\\
', '\\
');f.close();exec(compile( code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-ffnMrz/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build- env-ix_DdY --compile:
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libffi' found
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7
creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/cffi
running build_ext
building '_cffi_backend' extension
creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7
creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python2 .7-InigCj/python2.7-2.7.16=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -DFFI_BUILDING=1 -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr /include/libffi -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/c/_cffi_backend.o
c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
#include <ffi.h>
^~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-Ez5ALp/cffi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open ', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\\
', '\\
');f.close();exec(compile(code , __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-ffnMrz/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env -ix_DdY --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-Ez5ALp/cffi/
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python -m pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-ix_DdY --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple --extra-index-url https://www.piwheels.org/simple -- "setuptools >= 40.8.0 " wheel "Cython >= 3.0a9" "cffi >= 1.12.3 ; platform_python_implementation == 'CPython'" "greenlet >= 0.4.17, < 2.0 ; platform_python_implementation == 'CPython\ '"" failed with error code 1 in None
Solution
Step 1
Execute the following command:
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
hint:
pi@pi:~/HeatMap $ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting pips
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/27/79/8a850fe3496446ff0d584327ae44e7500daf6764ca1a382d2d02789accf7/pip-20.3.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 172kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Successfully installed pip-20.3.4
Step 2
Execute the following command:
pip3 install gevent
The prompt information is as follows:
pi@pi:~/HeatMap $ pip3 install gevent
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting gevent
Downloading https://www.piwheels.org/simple/gevent/gevent-21.12.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl (2.7MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 2.7MB 28kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from gevent) (40.8.0)
Collecting greenlet<2.0,>=1.1.0; platform_python_implementation == "CPython" (from gevent)
Downloading https://www.piwheels.org/simple/greenlet/greenlet-1.1.2-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl (161kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 163kB 152kB/s
Collecting zope.event (from gevent)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9e/85/b45408c64f3b888976f1d5b37eed8d746b8d5729a66a49ec846fda27d371/zope.event-4.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting zope.interface (from gevent)
Downloading https://www.piwheels.org/simple/zope-interface/zope.interface-5.4.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl (240kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 245kB 43kB/s
Installing collected packages: greenlet, zope.event, zope.interface, gevent
Successfully installed gevent-21.12.0 greenlet-1.1.2 zope.event-4.5.0 zope.interface-5.4.0
Successful installation!