Table of Contents
1. Deploy user groups depending on the environment
2.Install oracle
2.1. Path description
2.2. Create a new directory under root
2.3. Upload the oracle installation package
2.4. Modify host
2.5. Install necessary dependency packages
2.6. Modify kernel parameters (modify as needed)
2.7. Modify configuration
2.7.1. Configure user resource limits
2.7.2. Edit login file
2.7.3. Edit profile file
2.7.4. Create database directory
2.7.5. Configure Oracle user
2.7.5.1 Configure Oracle environment variables
2.7.5.2.sqlplus improvements
2.8. Start installation
2.8.1. Unzip the installation package
2.8.2. Create a new etc directory
2.8.3. Configure environment variables
2.8.4. Edit file content
2.8.4.1. File upload method to replace configuration file
2.8.5.Installation
3. Configure monitoring
4. Create table spaces and users
4.1. Modify the library building file
4.2.Building database
4.3. Log in to the database to open the instance
4.3.1. Create temporary table space
4.3.2. Create table space
4.3.3. Create user and specify table space
5.Auto-start configuration
5.1. Edit under oracle user
5.2. Edit under root
6.Recover dmp files
7. Regular backup and recovery
7.1. Method 1: Directly upload the edited .sh file
7.2. Method 2: Create dbbak.sh file
1. Depend on environment deployment user group
Execute the oinstall command to create a user group:
groupadd oinstall
Execute the create user group dba command:
groupadd dba
Execute the command to create user Oracle and add the Oracle user to the oinstall and dba user groups:
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
Set the password for the Oracle user and enter the password twice as prompted:
passwd oracle
View the creation result command:
id oracle
2.Install oracle
2.1. Path description
oracle installation directory:/app/database/oracle
Oracle installation file directory:/app/tools/database
Copy the three decompressed file storage paths: /app/oracle/etc
2.2. Create a new directory under root
The purpose is to upload the installation files here and assign the newly created directory to the oracle user under the oinstall group. and authorize
Create the directory folder /app/tools/database:
mkdir -p /app/tools/database
Authorize the /app/tools/database folder:
chown -R oracle:oinstall /app/tools/database/
Authorize the /app/tools/database folder to modify the access permissions of files or directories:
chmod -R 775 /app/tools/database/
2.3. Upload the oracle installation package
(1) Upload the oracle installation program compressed package under the oracle user. When uploading files, use the oracle user to upload
(2) Turn off the firewall
Execute the shutdown firewall command:
systemctl stop firewalld.service
Execute the command to disable the firewall from starting:
systemctl disable firewalld.service
(3) Close selinux
Excuting an order:
/usr/sbin/sestatus -v
If the SELinux status parameter is enabled, it means it is in the open state. You do not need to perform the following operations. If not, you need to execute the following commands.
Execute the command to temporarily shut down selinux (without restarting the machine):
setenforce 0
Shut down selinux permanently:
Execute the edit config configuration file command:
vim /etc/selinux/config
Set SELINUX=disabled in the file
2.4.Modify host
Execute editing command:
vim /etc/hosts
Add the mapping relationship between IP address and domain name, enter the hosts file, and add the actual IP of the machine and the host user name at the end of the file
ip oracle
View hostname command:
hostname
Modify host name
vim /etc/hostname
Set the static hostname command:
Syntax: hostnamectl set-hostname hostname
Example:
hostnamectl set-hostname oracle
2.5. Install necessary dependency packages
Check if installed command:
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc + + -33 gcc gcc-c + + glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc + + libstdc + + -devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel< /pre> <p>Execute the installation command (if an error occurs, execute it a few more times):</p> <pre>yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc + + -33 compat-libstdc + + -33*i686 compat-libstdc + + -33*.devel compat-libstdc + + -33 compat-libstdc + + - 33*.devel gcc gcc-c + + glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc + + libstdc + + *.i686 libstdc + + -devel libstdc + + -devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
View after installation
2.6. Modify kernel parameters (modify as needed)
(1) Execute and edit the sysctl.conf command:
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
(2) Add the following content to the sysctl.conf file:
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576 fs.file-max=6815744 kernel.shmall=524288 kernel.shmmax=2147483647 kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmni=4096 kernel.panic_on_oops=1 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=2 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
(3) The parameters added above are repeated, so you need to annotate the repeated parameters in the file.
(4) To make the configuration file take effect, execute the following command:
sysctl -p
2.7. Modify configuration
2.7.1. Configure user resource limits
(1) Edit the limits.conf file command:
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
(2) Add the following content at the end of the file:
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 10240
2.7.2.Edit login file
(1) Execute the edit login file command:
vim /etc/pam.d/login
(2) Add the following content to the end of the file:
session required pam_limits.so
2.7.3.Edit profile file
(1) Open and edit the file /etc/profile command:
vim /etc/profile
(2) Add the following content at the end of the file:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
(3) Make the configuration file effective
source /etc/profile
2.7.4. Create database directory
Created under the root user because the oracle user does not have permission to create folders
Create folder:
mkdir -p /app/database/oracle
Grant permissions to the folder:
chown -R oracle:oinstall /app/database/oracle/
Grant 775 permissions to the folder:
chmod -R 775 /app/database/oracle/
2.7.5. Configure Oracle user
Switch to the oracle user:
su - oracle
The default password used by oracle is orcl123456
2.7.5.1 Configure Oracle environment variables
(1) Edit the .bash_profile file
Open and edit the environment variable file and configure the oracle user environment variables
vim ~/.bash_profile
(2) Add the following content at the end:
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/server/oracle export ORACLE_SID=orcl
Note:
orcl: database instance name, specified when creating the database
(3) Make the configuration effective
source ~/.bash_profile
2.7.5.2.sqlplus improvement
During the use of the default sqlplus, I found that it is difficult to use. The best example is that the backspace key cannot be used and the up and down keys that drop out of historical commands are introduced here. The improvement of the backspace key is introduced here.
(1) Switch to oracle user:
su - oracle
(2) Open and edit the user environment variable configuration file:
vim ~/.bash_profile
(3) Add the following content at the end of the file and save and exit
stty erase ^h
(4) Make the configuration file effective
source ~/.bash_profile
Use the echo command to view individual environment variables
echo $PATH
2.8. Start installation
2.8.1. Unzip the installation package
Enter the directory where the compressed package is stored:
cd /app/tools/database
unzip files:
unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
2.8.2. Create a new etc directory
(1) Switch to the root user:
su
(2) Create a new etc folder
mkdir etc
You can use the installation and deployment backup file to upload, and the parameters inside have been changed.
The following copy process is applicable to the first installation and deployment implementation
(3) Copy the three files under /app/tools/database/database/response/* after decompression to the etc directory
cp /app/tools/database/database/response/* /app/etc/
(4) Set permissions
Authorize folders and files:
chown -R oracle /app/etc chmod 775 -R /app/etc/*.rsp
(5) View file permissions
ls -la etc/
2.8.3. Configure environment variables
(1) Switch to oracle user:
su - oracle
(2) Configure environment variables:
vim ~/.bash_profile
(3) Add the following content to the end of the file
export ROACLE_PID=oral12 #export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8" export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8" export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
(4) Make the configuration effective
source ~/.bash_profile
2.8.4. Edit file content
(1) Modify the db_install.rsp file
vim /app/etc db_install.rsp
(2) Add the following parameters below
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY //Installation type UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall // Installation group INVENTORY_LOCATION=/app/database/oracle/oraInventory //INVENTORY directory (if not filled in, it is the default value) ORACLE_HOME=/app/database/oracle/product //Home directory ORACLE_BASE=/app/database/oracle //base directory oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE //Enterprise edition oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //Database type oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl //Specify the global database name of the starter database oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet = AL32UTF8 //Specify the starter database character set oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 //Automatically manage memory memory (M) #oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle//Set all database users to use the same password SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false //Whether users are allowed to set passwords DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
2.8.4.1. File upload method replaces configuration file
(1) Delete the source file
rm -f db_install.rsp
(2) Upload the db_install.rsp file
rz
(3) Due to deletion, permissions need to be granted to the file again before uploading.
chmod 775 -R /app/etc/*.rsp
2.8.5.Installation
(1) Enter the oracle decompression directory:
cd /app/tools/database/database
(2) Execute the installation command:
./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -showProgress -silent -responseFile /app/etc/db_install.rsp
(3) After the above results appear, execute these two files as root according to the operation.
/app/database/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /app/database/oracle/product/root.sh
(4) Installation completed
3. Configure monitoring
(1) Switch to the oracle user:
su oracle
(2) Execute the configuration monitoring command:
netca -silent -responseFile /app/etc/netca.rsp
(3) Check the status, opening and closing of the monitoring service
View listening status command:
/app/database/oracle/product/bin/lsnrctl status
Start listening command:
/app/database/oracle/product/bin/lsnrctl start
Turn off listening command:
/app/database/oracle/product/bin/lsnrctl stop
(4) Check the status. If it is started, the following picture will be displayed:
The listener does not support the service
You need to add code to the listening file listener.ora
Execute the command to edit the listener.ora file:
vim /app/database/oracle/product/network/admin/listener.ora
Add the following content to the listener.ora file:
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /app/database/oracle/product)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
(5) If there is no problem with the above configuration, turn off the monitoring and restart it
Turn off listening command:
/app/database/oracle/product/bin/lsnrctl stop
Start listening command:
/app/database/oracle/product/bin/lsnrctl start
4. Create table space and user
Specifies whether the database is configured as a container database
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB = true
Specify the name of the pluggable database in the Container database
oracle.install.db.config.PDBName = pdborcl
If the above two configurations are added to the installation file, an additional set of table spaces and temporary table spaces need to be created when creating the table space.
4.1. Modify the library building file
(1) Enter and edit the dbca.rsp file:
vim /app/etc/dbca.rsp
(2) Add the following content:
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v12.2.0
gdbName=orcl #Specify the global database name
sid=orcl #Database instance name
databaseConfigType=SI
createAsContainerDatabase=true #If it is used as a container database, this item needs to be set to true
numberOfPDBs=1 #Specify the number of pdbs to be created {This parameter affects the creation of table spaces}
pdbName=orclpdb
templateName=/app/database/oracle/product/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc #Use the template file General_Purpose.dbc to create a database
emExpressPort=5500 //Enterprise Manager configuration type
omsPort=0 //EM manager port number
characterSet=AL32UTF8 #Specify the character set of the database
listeners=LISTENER #Specify the listener list to register the database. Multiple lists separated by commas
memoryPercentage=40 #Percentage of physical memory used for Oracle
automaticMemoryManagement=false #Specify the use of automatic memory management
totalMemory=0 #The total amount of memory allocated to Oracle (in MB)
4.2. Database creation
Excuting an order:
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /app/etc/dbca.rsp
Set password (123456)
4.3. Log in to the database to open the instance
Log in:
sqlplus / as sysdba
Start the instance:
startup
Started
Query temporary table space file sql:
select name from v$tempfile;
Query user table space file sql:
select name from v$datafile;
View the tablespace sql in the current database:
select TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_tablespaces;
Because oracle12c involves cdb and pdb, you must pay attention to the current container when creating table spaces and temporary table spaces. The default entry is cdb. After executing the two creation statements of cdb, switch to the pdb container and execute the pdb creation statement again.
Convert container to CDB:
alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
Convert container to PDB:
alter session set container=ORCLPDB;
View the current container:
show con_name
4.3.1. Create temporary table space
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE C##AK_DQH_COLLEGETEMP TEMPFILE '/app/database/oracle/oradata/orcl/ak_dqh_collegetemp.dbf' SIZE 132M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 32M MAXSIZE unlimited EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
4.3.2. Create table space
CREATE TABLESPACE C##AK_DQH_COLLEGE DATAFILE '/app/database/oracle/oradata/orcl/ak_dqh_college.dbf' SIZE 132M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 32M MAXSIZE unlimited EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
Convert container to PDB
alter session set container=ORCLPDB;
Execute after switching users
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE C##AK_DQH_COLLEGETEMP TEMPFILE '/app/database/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/ak_dqh_collegetemp.dbf' SIZE 132M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 32M MAXSIZE unlimited EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
Execute after switching users
CREATE TABLESPACE C##AK_DQH_COLLEGE DATAFILE '/app/database/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/ak_dqh_college.dbf' SIZE 132M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 32M MAXSIZE unlimited EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
To use a pluggable database, first check the currently available relational databases.
show pdbs;
View the currently connected database name
show con_name;
4.3.3. Create a user and specify the table space
must
Convert container to CDB
alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
Create user and specify table space
CREATE USER c##ak_dqh_college IDENTIFIED BY ak_dqh_college DEFAULT TABLESPACE C##AK_DQH_COLLEGE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE C##AK_DQH_COLLEGETEMP;
User empowerment
grant connect,resource,dba to c##ak_dqh_college;
Change user password
alter user C##AK_DQH_COLLEGE identified by 123456;
Delete user (no need to execute)
drop user C##AK_DQH_COLLEGE cascade; select * from all_users;
5. Self-starting configuration
5.1. Edit under the oracle user
(1) Open the file and edit dbstart
vim /app/database/oracle/product/bin/dbstart
(2) Change ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 to ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
vim /app/database/oracle/product/bin/dbshut #Edit monitoring, automatically start monitoring path
(3) Change ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 to ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOM
(4) Edit oratab file
vim /etc/oratab
(5) Find this line in the file (orcl:/opt/oracle/app/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1:N) and replace N with Y
5.2. Edit under root
(1) Edit the rc.local file
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
Add the following content to the end of the rc.local file. Note that there can be no spaces in front of each line. Pay attention to the path location.
su oracle -lc "/app/database/oracle/product/bin/lsnrctl start" su oracle -lc /app/database/oracle/product/bin/dbstart
(Note that the path must not be written as an environment variable. Note: the first command has spaces, so it must be quoted)
6. Recover dmp files
Execute under Oracle user
Enter the directory where the backup files are stored
cd /app/database/oracle/
Create folder
mkdir dbbak
Go to folder
cd dbbak/
Create folder
mkdir data
Go to folder
cd data
Upload dmp file
rz
Import dmp file
imp c##ak_dqh_college/123456@localhost/ORCL file=/app/database/oracle/dbbak/data/orcl20200909210001.dmp ignore=y full=y ;
Note:
c##ak_dqh_colleg: username
123456: Password
Localhost:ip
ORCL: database instance name
/app/database/oracle/dbbak/data/orcl20200909210001.dmp: file path
ignore=y: ignore error messages
full=y: import all
7. Scheduled backup and recovery
Execute under oracle user
7.1. Method 1: Directly upload the edited .sh file
(1) File upload, upload the dbbak.sh you edited directly
Go to backup folder
cd dbbak
Create folder
mkdir shell
Create folder
mkdir log
cd shell
Upload the dbbak.sh file (written backup script)
rz
Authorize dbbak.sh
chmod 775 -R dbbak.sh
7.2. Method 2: Create dbbak.sh file
(1) Create a new dbbak.sh file
vim dbbak.sh
(2) The following is the file content:
#[plain]view plaincopy #!/bin/sh export ORACLE_BASE=/app/database/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export DATA_DIR=/app/database/oracle/dbbak/data export LOGS_DIR=/app/database/oracle/dbbak/log export DELTIME=`date -d "7 days ago" + %Y%m%d` export BAKUPTIME=`date + %Y%m%d%H%M%S` export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8 mkdir -p $DATA_DIR mkdir -p $LOGS_DIR echo "Starting bakup..." echo "Bakup filepath$DATA_DIR/$BAKUPTIME.dmp" exp c##ak_dqh_college/123456@orcl file=$DATA_DIR/orcl$BAKUPTIME.dmp log=$LOGS_DIR/orcl$BAKUPTIME.log echo "Delete the file bakup before 30days...filepath: $DATA_DIR/orcl$DELTIME*.dmp " rm -rf $DATA_DIR/orcl$DELTIME*.dmp rm -rf $LOGS_DIR/orcl$DELTIME*.log echo "Delete the file bakup successfully." echo "Bakup completed."
(3) Edit timing files
cd to the shell directory and run ls to see the dbbak and sh files
Execute the command to edit the scheduled task file:
crontab -e
Set synchronized system time:
*/1 * * * * /sbin/nepdate -u cn.pool.ntp.org */1 * * * * /app/database/oracle/dbbak/shell/dbbak.sh
Regular backup
Set up backup every night at 9pm:
0 21 * * * /app/database/oracle/dbbak/shell/dbbak.sh
