Python uWSGI installation configuration
This article mainly introduces how to deploy simple WSGI applications and common web frameworks.
Taking Ubuntu/Debian as an example, first install the dependency packages:
apt-get install build-essential python-dev
Python installation uWSGI
1. Through pip command:
pip install uwsgi
2. Download the installation script:
curl http://uwsgi.it/install | bash -s default /tmp/uwsgi
Install the uWSGI binary to /tmp/uwsgi , which you can modify.
3. Source code installation:
wget http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-latest.tar.gz tar zxvf uwsgi-latest.tar.gz cd uwsgi-latest make
After the installation is complete, you will get a uwsgi binary file in the current directory.
The first WSGI application
Let’s start with a simple “Hello World” and create the file foobar.py with the following code:
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return [b"Hello World"]
The default function that the uWSGI Python loader will search for is application .
Next we start uWSGI to run an HTTP server and deploy the program on HTTP port 9090:
uwsgi --http :9090 --wsgi-file foobar.py
Add concurrency and monitoring
By default, uWSGI starts a single process and a single thread.
You can add more processes with the –processes option, or add more threads with the –threads option, or both at the same time.
uwsgi --http :9090 --wsgi-file foobar.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2
The above command will spawn 4 processes, each with 2 threads.
If you want to perform monitoring tasks, you can use the stats subsystem. The monitoring data format is JSON:
uwsgi --http :9090 --wsgi-file foobar.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9191
We can install uwsgitop (similar to Linux top command) to view monitoring data:
pip install uwsgitop
Use with web server
We can use uWSGI with Nginx web server to achieve higher concurrency performance.
A commonly used nginx configuration is as follows:
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:3031;
}
The above code indicates that the web request received by nginx is passed to the uWSGI service on port 3031 for processing.
Now we can generate uWSGI to use the uwsgi protocol natively:
uwsgi --socket 127.0.0.1:3031 --wsgi-file foobar.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9191
If your web server uses HTTP, then you must tell uWSGI to use the http protocol natively (this is different from –http which generates a proxy itself):
uwsgi --http-socket 127.0.0.1:3031 --wsgi-file foobar.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9191
Deploying Django
Django is the most commonly used Python web framework. Assume that the Django project is located at /home/foobar/myproject:
uwsgi --socket 127.0.0.1:3031 --chdir /home/foobar/myproject/ --wsgi-file myproject/wsgi.py --master --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1: 9191
–chdir is used to specify the project path.
We can turn the above command into a yourfile.ini configuration file:
[uwsgi] socket=127.0.0.1:3031 chdir = /home/foobar/myproject/ wsgi-file = myproject/wsgi.py processes = 4 threads = 2 stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
Next you just need to execute the following command:
uwsgi yourfile.ini
Deploy Flask
Flask is a popular Python web framework.
Create the file myflaskapp.py with the following code:
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
return "<span style='color:red'>I am app 1</span>"
Execute the following command:
uwsgi --socket 127.0.0.1:3031 --wsgi-file myflaskapp.py --callable app --processes 4 --threads 2 --stats 127.0.0.1:9191
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