Automatically generate C# code with python_python to c#

Article directory

  • Preface
      • CodeDOM
      • TextX
      • CodeSmith
  • Introduction to zero-based Python learning resources
    • Summary of Python learning route
    • Must-have development tools for Python
    • Collection of 600 Python learning videos
    • Actual cases
    • 100 Python exercises
    • Interview questions
  • Data collection

Foreword

Python can automatically generate C# code through some third-party libraries. The following are some common libraries and tools:

  • CodeDOM: CodeDOM is an API in the Microsoft .NET Framework that allows you to generate C# code at runtime. There are some third-party libraries in Python that can manipulate CodeDOM, such as IronPython and PythonNet.

  • TextX: TextX is a metamodel-driven text parsing engine that can generate C# code based on defined metamodels and grammar rules. Use TextX to generate C# code from a domain-specific language (DSL).

  • CodeSmith: CodeSmith is a powerful code generator that generates C# code based on templates and snippets. CodeSmith supports multiple languages, including C#, VB.NET, and more. You can use Python to call the API provided by CodeSmith to generate C# code.

CodeDOM

namespace MyNamespace
{
    public class MyClass
    {
        public int MyProperty { get; set; }

        public void MyMethod()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
        }
    }
}

The C# class can be generated with the following Python code:

importclr
clr.AddReference('System')
clr.AddReference('System.CodeDom')

import System.CodeDom.Compiler as Compiler
import System.CodeDom as CodeDom

provider = Compiler.CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider("CSharp")

#Create namespace
namespace = CodeDom.CodeNamespace("MyNamespace")

# Add using statement
import_statement = CodeDom.CodeNamespaceImport("System")
namespace.Imports.Add(import_statement)

#Create class
my_class = CodeDom.CodeTypeDeclaration("MyClass")
my_class.IsClass = True
my_class.TypeAttributes = CodeDom.TypeAttributes.Public

#Create properties
my_property = CodeDom.CodeMemberProperty()
my_property.Name = "MyProperty"
my_property.Attributes = CodeDom.MemberAttributes.Public | CodeDom.MemberAttributes.Final
my_property.Type = CodeDom.CodeTypeReference("System.Int32")
my_property.GetStatements.Add(CodeDom.CodeMethodReturnStatement(CodeDom.CodePrimitiveExpression(0)))
my_property.SetStatements.Add(CodeDom.CodeAssignStatement(CodeDom.CodePropertyReferenceExpression(CodeDom.CodeThisReferenceExpression(), "MyProperty"), CodeDom.CodePropertySetValueReferenceExpression()))

# Create method
my_method = CodeDom.CodeMemberMethod()
my_method.Name = "MyMethod"
my_method.Attributes = CodeDom.MemberAttributes.Public | CodeDom.MemberAttributes.Final
my_method.ReturnType = CodeDom.CodeTypeReference("System.Void")
my_method.Statements.Add(CodeDom.CodeMethodInvokeExpression(CodeDom.CodeTypeReferenceExpression("System.Console"), "WriteLine", CodeDom.CodePrimitiveExpression("Hello, world!")))

# Add properties and methods to the class
my_class.Members.Add(my_property)
my_class.Members.Add(my_method)

# Add the class to the namespace
namespace.Types.Add(my_class)

# Create compiler options
options = Compiler.CompilerParameters()
options.GenerateExecutable = False
options.GenerateInMemory = True

# Compile code
results = provider.CompileAssemblyFromDom(options, CodeDom.CodeCompileUnit(namespace))

# Get the generated assembly and type
assembly = results.CompiledAssembly
my_class_type = assembly.GetType("MyNamespace.MyClass")

Through the above Python code, C# code can be generated in memory and compiled into an assembly. Finally, the generated C# type can be accessed through the my_class_type variable.

TextX

namespace MyNamespace
{
    public class MyClass
    {
        public int MyProperty { get; set; }

        public void MyMethod()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
        }
    }
}

You can use TextX to define a DSL for this class and write a code generator to generate C# code. The definition of DSL can be written in a file named mydsl.tx with the following content:

grammarMyDSL

Namespace: 'namespace' name=ID '{' classes + =Class* '}';

Class: 'class' name=ID '{' members + =Member* '}';

Member:
    Property |
    Method;

Property:
    'public' 'int' name=ID '{' 'get' ';' 'set' ';'}';

Method:
    'public' 'void' name=ID '(' ')' '{' 'Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");' '}\ ';

WHITESPACE: /\s + / -> skip;

The above defines four syntax rules of Namespace, Class, Property and Method, which represent a namespace, a class, an attribute and a method. Where Property represents a property, including name, type and getter/setter method; Method represents a method, including name and method body. In Method, the C# code to be generated is directly written, which can be modified according to actual needs.

Next, write the code generator codegen.py with the following content:

from textx import metamodel_from_file
from textx.export import metamodel_export
import os

def generate_code(obj, folder):
    output_folder = os.path.abspath(folder)
    namespace = obj.name
    namespace_folder = os.path.join(output_folder, namespace)
    os.makedirs(namespace_folder, exist_ok=True)

    with open(os.path.join(namespace_folder, '__init__.py'), 'w') as f:
        f.write('')

    for cls in obj.classes:
        filename = os.path.join(namespace_folder, f'{cls.name}.cs')
        with open(filename, 'w') as f:
            f.write(f'namespace {namespace}\\
{<!-- -->{\\
')
            f.write(f' public class {cls.name}\\
 {<!-- -->{\\
')

            for member in cls.members:
                if member.__class__.__name__ == 'Property':
                    f.write(f' public int {member.name} {<!-- -->{ get; set; }}\\
\\
')
                elif member.__class__.__name__ == 'Method':
                    f.write(f' public void {member.name}()\\
 {<!-- -->{\\
')
                    f.write(f' Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");\\
')
                    f.write(f' }}\\
\\
')

            f.write(f' }}\\
}}\\
')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    meta_model = metamodel_from_file('mydsl.tx')
    metamodel_export(meta_model, 'mydsl_meta.dot')
    model = meta_model.model_from_file('input.mydsl')
    generate_code(model, 'output')

The above code parses the mydsl.tx file into a Python object model, and generates corresponding C# code based on the object content. The generated code is placed in output folders, one for each namespace. in code generator

CodeSmith

CodeSmith is a commercial code generator that supports multiple programming languages and databases and can generate various types of code, including classes, interfaces, data access layers, business logic layers, and more.

CodeSmith supports writing templates in various scripting languages, such as C#, VB.NET, JavaScript, etc., and also supports using XPath and XQuery to query XML data. Users can write their own templates to generate specific types of code.

Below is a simple example of using CodeSmith to generate C# code. Suppose you want to generate a simple C# class with one property and one method:

namespace MyNamespace
{
    public class MyClass
    {
        public int MyProperty { get; set; }

        public void MyMethod()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
        }
    }
}

You can use CodeSmith to write a template to generate this code. First, create a new project in CodeSmith and create a template. Templates can be written in C# as follows:

<%@ CodeTemplate Language="C#" TargetLanguage="C#" %>
<%@ Property Name="Namespace" Type="System.String" DefaultValue="MyNamespace" %>
<%@ Property Name="ClassName" Type="System.String" DefaultValue="MyClass" %>

namespace <%= Namespace %>
{
    public class <%= ClassName %>
    {
        public int MyProperty { get; set; }

        public void MyMethod()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
        }
    }
}

In the above code, two attributes Namespace and ClassName are defined using the <%@ %> tag, which represent the namespace and class name respectively. In code, use the <%= %> tag to reference properties.

Next, create a new data source in CodeSmith. You can use an XML data source to simulate the code information you want to generate. For example, create a file named data.xml with the following content:

<MyClass>
  <MyNamespace>MyNamespace</MyNamespace>
  <ClassName>MyClass</ClassName>
</MyClass>

Then, add data.xml as a data source in CodeSmith and associate the template with the data source. Finally, click the Generate button to generate the corresponding C# code.

It should be noted that CodeSmith is a commercial software and requires a license to be used. At the same time, it has very rich support for template languages and data sources, but it also requires a certain learning cost.

-END-

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