Master Linux server management skills and containerized applications – comprehensive analysis from software services to virtualization technology

Article directory

  • 1. Linux software and services
    • 1. Software package management and software updates
      • 1.1 Use of APT (Advanced Package Tool)
      • 1.2 Use of Yum package manager
    • 2. Operating system upgrade
      • 2.1 Debian/Ubuntu system upgrade
      • 2.2 Red Hat/CentOS system upgrade
  • 2. Installation and configuration of Linux services
    • 1. Apache server installation and configuration
      • Step 1: Install Apache
      • Step 2: Configure the firewall
      • Step 3: Start the Apache service
    • 2. Installation and configuration of MySQL database
      • Step 1: Install MySQL
      • Step 2: Configure MySQL
      • Step 3: Start the MySQL service
    • 3. Installation and configuration of PostgreSQL database
      • Step 1: Install PostgreSQL
      • Step 2: Configure PostgreSQL
      • Step 3: Start the PostgreSQL service
    • 4. Installation and configuration of Nginx
      • Step 1: Install Nginx
      • Step 2: Configure Nginx
      • Step 3: Restart the Nginx service
    • 5. Installation and configuration of FTP server
      • Step 1: Install FTP server
      • Step 2: Configure FTP server
      • Step 3: Restart the FTP service
  • 3. Linux virtualization technology and containerization technology
    • Basic concepts of virtualization technology
    • Use of Docker containerization technology
    • Container building and deployment
    • Initial learning of the Kubernetes container orchestration system
  • Summarize

1. Linux software and services

1. Software package management and software updates

In Linux, we often need to install, upgrade and manage various software packages. The following introduces two commonly used package management tools.

1.1 Use of APT (Advanced Package Tool)

APT is a commonly used package management tool in Linux distributions such as Debian and Ubuntu. It provides an easy-to-use command line interface to install, uninstall and update software packages.

Installing a package is easy, just use the following command:

sudo apt install package name

To uninstall a software package, use the following command:

sudo apt remove package name

To update installed packages, you can run the following command:

sudo apt update # Update package list
sudo apt upgrade # Upgrade installed packages

APT will automatically check for available package updates and provide you with the option to upgrade.

1.2 Use of Yum package manager

Yum is a commonly used package management tool in Linux distributions such as Red Hat and CentOS. It also provides APT-like functionality to easily install, uninstall and update software packages.

To install a package you can use the following command:

sudo yum install package name

To uninstall a software package, use the following command:

sudo yum remove package name

To update installed packages, you can run the following command:

sudo yum update

Yum will also automatically check for available package updates and give you the option to upgrade.

The above is a brief introduction to software package management and software updates. Next, let’s look at how to upgrade the operating system itself.

2. Operating system upgrade

Upgrading the operating system is an important step in keeping the system safe and functional. In Linux, you can use the following commands to upgrade the operating system.

2.1 Debian/Ubuntu system upgrade

For Debian and Ubuntu systems, you can use the following command to upgrade:

sudo apt update # Update package list
sudo apt upgrade # Upgrade installed packages
sudo apt dist-upgrade # Upgrade the operating system itself

The dist-upgrade command upgrades the core components of the operating system and all dependencies, ensuring a complete system upgrade.

2.2 Red Hat/CentOS system upgrade

For Red Hat and CentOS systems, you can use the following command to upgrade:

sudo yum update
sudo yum upgrade

These commands will update all packages on the system, including the operating system itself.

2. Installation and configuration of Linux services

1. Apache server installation and configuration

To install and configure Apache server on Linux, you can follow these steps:

First, make sure your system is connected to the Internet and has administrator rights.

Step 1: Install Apache

Open a terminal and enter the following command to install Apache:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apache2

This will automatically install the Apache server and its related components.

Step 2: Configure the firewall

In order to ensure that the Apache server can work properly, you need to allow HTTP traffic through the system firewall. Enter the following command to open the HTTP port:

sudo ufw allow 'Apache'

Step 3: Start the Apache service

After the installation is complete, you can start the Apache service using the following command:

sudo service apache2 start

Now, you can access the Apache default page by entering the server’s IP address or domain name into your browser.

2. Installation and configuration of MySQL database

MySQL is a popular relational database management system. To install and configure MySQL on Linux, you can take the following steps:

Step 1: Install MySQL

Open a terminal and enter the following command to install MySQL:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mysql-server

During the installation process, you will be asked to set a password for the root user.

Step 2: Configure MySQL

After the installation is complete, you can use the following commands to perform basic MySQL configuration:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

This command will prompt you to set some security options, including deleting the test database and disabling remote root login.

Step 3: Start the MySQL service

After installation and configuration are complete, you can use the following command to start the MySQL service:

sudo service mysql start

Now, you can use the MySQL client or other tools to connect to and manage the MySQL database.

3. PostgreSQL database installation and configuration

PostgreSQL is another powerful open source relational database management system. To install and configure PostgreSQL on Linux you can follow these steps:

Step 1: Install PostgreSQL

Open a terminal and enter the following command to install PostgreSQL:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install postgresql

During the installation process you will be prompted to set a password for PostgreSQL authentication.

Step 2: Configure PostgreSQL

Once the installation is complete, you can connect to the PostgreSQL server using the following command:

sudo -u postgres psql

This will open the PostgreSQL command line interface. Here you can execute SQL commands to create databases and users, and make other settings.

Step 3: Start the PostgreSQL service

After installation and configuration are complete, you can use the following command to start the PostgreSQL service:

sudo service postgresql start

Now, you can use the PostgreSQL client or other tools to connect to and manage the PostgreSQL database.

4. Nginx installation and configuration

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server. To install and configure Nginx on Linux you can follow these steps:

Step 1: Install Nginx

Open a terminal and enter the following command to install Nginx:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

The Nginx service will be started automatically during the installation process.

Step 2: Configure Nginx

The Nginx configuration file is located at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf. You can open the file with any text editor and configure it as needed.

Step 3: Restart the Nginx service

After completing the configuration, you can use the following command to restart the Nginx service:

sudo service nginx restart

Now, you can access the Nginx server by entering the server’s IP address or domain name in your browser.

5. FTP server installation and configuration

FTP servers are used to transfer files between clients and servers. To install and configure an FTP server on Linux you can follow these steps:

Step 1: Install FTP server

Open a terminal and enter the following command to install the FTP server (take vsftpd as an example):

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vsftpd

The vsftpd service will be automatically started during the installation process.

Step 2: Configure FTP server

The configuration file of the FTP server is located in /etc/vsftpd.conf. You can open the file with any text editor and configure it as needed.

Step 3: Restart the FTP service

After completing the configuration, you can use the following command to restart the FTP service:

sudo service vsftpd restart

Now, you can use the FTP client to connect to the FTP server and perform file transfer operations.

3. Linux virtualization technology and containerization technology

This chapter will introduce Linux virtualization technology and containerization technology to help novices understand and use these technologies.

Basic concepts of virtualization technology

Virtualization technology is a technology that abstracts physical resources into virtual resources and is widely used in the server field. Through virtualization technology, a physical server can run multiple virtual machines at the same time, each with an independent operating system and applications.

The benefit of virtualization technology is that it can make better use of physical server resources, improve server utilization, and also facilitate resource management and scheduling.

Below is a simple example demonstrating how to install and configure KVM virtualization on Linux.

# Install KVM software package
sudo apt-get install -y qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils

# Enable KVM kernel module
sudo modprobe kvm
sudo modprobe kvm_intel # Intel CPU
sudo modprobe kvm_amd # AMD CPU

#Create network bridge
sudo brctl addbr br0
sudo brctl addif br0 eth0

# Configure libvirtd
sudo systemctl start libvirtd
sudo systemctl enable libvirtd

The use of Docker containerization technology

Docker is a lightweight containerization technology that packages applications and their dependencies into a portable container. Using Docker, developers can easily build, publish, and run applications without worrying about environment differences and dependencies.

The following is a simple example that demonstrates how to use Docker to run a web application.

# Dockerfile
FROM nginx:latest
COPY ./usr/share/nginx/html

# Build Docker image
docker build -t mywebapp .

# Run Docker container
docker run -d -p 80:80 mywebapp

Container building and deployment

Building and deploying containers is an important part of containerization technology. In this part, we will explain how to create a Docker image and deploy it to a remote server.

The following is an example that demonstrates how to use Docker Compose to build and deploy an application composed of multiple containers.

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "80:80"
  db:
    image:mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: secret

# Start the application using Docker Compose
docker-compose up -d

Initial learning of Kubernetes container orchestration system

Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration system used to automate the deployment, scaling and management of containerized applications. It can provide high availability, elastic scaling, flexible deployment and other functions.

The following is a simple example that demonstrates how to use Kubernetes to deploy a simple web application.

# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
Kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-web-app
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: web
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: web
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: web
        image: mywebapp
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

# Use kubectl to create a Deployment
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml

Summary

In this blog post, we cover important knowledge points about Linux software and services, virtualization technology, and containerization technology. By studying Linux software and service management, we learned how to use APT and Yum package managers, and mastered the upgrade skills of Debian/Ubuntu and Red Hat/CentOS systems. In addition, we also learned the installation and configuration steps of services such as Apache, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Nginx and FTP, which provided strong support for building stable and efficient servers.

In terms of virtualization technology, we deeply discussed the basic concepts of virtualization technology, introduced installation and configuration examples of KVM virtualization, as well as the use of Docker containerization technology and related commands. With Docker, we can easily package, publish, and run applications and solve the problems of environment consistency and dependency management. In addition, we also introduced the steps of using Docker Compose to build and deploy containers, as well as a preliminary understanding of the basic concepts and usage of the Kubernetes container orchestration system.

In short, by reading this article, you will master the basic skills of Linux server management and understand how to use virtualization and containerization technologies to build and deploy applications. Whether it’s a personal project or an enterprise-level application, this knowledge will be of great help to your work and study. I hope you can apply these technologies in practice and enjoy the convenience and efficiency they bring. If you encounter problems during practice, don’t hesitate to ask questions. I wish you greater success in the Linux server field!