1. Rpm installation
1.1 System commands and applications
The relationship between applications and system commands
| Character | Command | Program |
| File location | Generally in the /bin and /sbin directories or as Shell internal commands | Usually in the /usr/bin, /usr/sbin and /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin directories |
| Main purpose | Complete basic management of the system, such as IP configuration tools | Complete other relatively independent auxiliary tasks, such as web browsers |
| Applicable Environment | Generally only runs in the character operation interface | Completes other relatively independent auxiliary tasks, such as web browser |
| running Format | Generally includes command words, command options and command parameters | There is usually no fixed execution format and is defined by the program developer himself |
| File type | Saving directory | Description |
| Ordinary executable Program files | /usr/bin | Executable by all users |
| Server program, management program files | /usr/bin | Only administrator executable |
| Application configuration file | /etc | Applications installed through rpm or yum |
| Log files | /var/log | System log |
| Application reference documents | /usr/share/doc | Reference documents and other data about the application |
| Application Manual | /usr/share/man | man man page for executable files and configuration files |
| 1. Everything in Linux is a file | 2. The main file types in Linux include ordinary files, directory files, block device files, link files, and socket files. and pipe files, etc. |
| 3. Linux files do not have extensions. Linux also determines the file type based on the Wenniu extension. We give it to Wenniu when we name it. The specific suffix is to facilitate user management (for example, files with the suffix “.sh” are generally considered to be shell script files, and files with the suffix “.tar.gz” are compressed files | 4. In the Linux file system, files whose file names start with “A” are hidden files. In actual operation, to display the information of hidden files, you need to use specific command options. |
| File type | Saving directory |
| RPM software package | Extension It is “.rpm”, suitable for CentOS system |
| Source code software package | Generally in the format of “.tar.gz.tar.bz2” etc. The compressed package contains the original code of the program and needs to be compiled and installed |
2. RPM
2.1 rpm package management tool
RPM package managerRed-Hat Package Manager
1. Proposed by Red Hat and adopted by many Linux distributions
2. Establish a unified document database
3. Record in detail information about software package installation, uninstallation, upgrade and other changes
4. Automatically analyze software package dependencies
RPM package naming principles
General naming format: bash -4.1.2 -15.el7 .X86_64 .rpm
From left to right: software name – version number – number of releases – hardware platform – extension
2.2 Format of rpm command
The rpm command can realize the management functions of almost all RPM software packages
Execute the “man rpm” command to get detailed help information about the rpm command
rpm command function:
1. Query and verify relevant information of rpm software packages
2. Install, upgrade, and uninstall RPM software packages
2.3. Query rpm software packages
Query installed rpm software information
rpm -q [sub-option] [software name]
Common options
-qa, -qi, -ql, -qf, -qc, -qd
Query information in rpm package files
rpm -qp [sub-option] rpm package file name
Software package query mainly includes:Querying the installed software package information in the system;
For the “-qa ” query option, the command parameter (i.e. the software package name) is not required;
In general queries, the software name does not need to specify a version number.
| Query | Function |
| -q | Query whether the software is installed |
| -ql | Query file list |
| -qc | Query software Configuration file |
| -qi | Query basic software information |
Supplement: -qa queries all software
rpm -q command
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q rpm #Check whether the rpm package has been installed rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -q yum #Check whether the yum package has been installed yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status nfs #View the status of nfs service ● nfs-server.service - NFS server and services Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) [root@localhost ~]# rpm -q nfs-utils #Check whether the nfs-utils package has been installed nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]#
rpm -ql command
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q nfs-utils #Display the file list of the installed specified software yum nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql yum /etc/logrotate.d/yum /etc/yum /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum/fssnap.d /etc/yum/pluginconf.d /etc/yum/protected.d /etc/yum/vars /etc/yum/version-groups.conf /usr/bin/yum
rpm -qc command
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc yum #List the configuration files of the installed specified software yum /etc/logrotate.d/yum /etc/yum.conf #yum configuration file, file name /etc/yum/version-groups.conf
rpm -qi command
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc yum #Display detailed information of installed yum packages /etc/logrotate.d/yum /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum/version-groups.conf [root@localhost ~]# ^C [root@localhost ~]# ^C [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi yum Name: yum Version: 3.4.3 Release: 154.el7.centos Architecture: noarch Install Date: Friday, October 27, 2023 20:23:57 Group: System Environment/Base Size: 5803844 License: GPLv2+ Signature: RSA/SHA256, Friday, August 11, 2017 04:27:53, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5 Source RPM: yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.src.rpm Build Date: Sunday, August 6, 2017 03:13:08 Build Host: c1bm.rdu2.centos.org Relocations: (not relocatable) Packager: CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> Vendor: CentOS URL: http://yum.baseurl.org/ Summary: RPM package installer/updater/manager Description: Yum is a utility that can check for and automatically download and install updated RPM packages. Dependencies are obtained and downloaded automatically, prompting the user for permission as necessary.
rpm -qa command
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |wc -l # Count how many software packages are installed in rpm mode in the current system 1385
2.4 Install, upgrade, and uninstall rpm software packages
Install or upgrade rpm software
rpm [option] rpm package file…
Common options
-i (installation), -v (show process), -h (humanization)
Uninstall the specified rpm software
rpm -e software name
The yum warehouse automatically resolves dependencies
Three, yum
3.1 Configure local yum source repository
The steps to configure the local yum source repository are as follows:
(1) Mount the CD image to the specified location/mnt
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdr0 /mnt
mount: special device /dev/sdr0 does not exist
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected and will be mounted read-only.
mount: /dev/sr0 is already mounted or /mnt is busy
/dev/sr0 has been mounted on /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
/dev/sr0 is mounted on /mnt
(2) Enter the yum warehouse configuration directory and back up the original *.repo file
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ mkdir repo.bak mv *.repo repo.bak
(3) Create a local yum source configuration file
(4) Delete yum cache and update
yum clean all & amp; & amp; yum makecache
(5) Test whether the yum source installation is successful
3.2 Source code compilation and installation software
step:
1../configure
1. Check the compilation environment and whether the dependent packages are installed completely
2. Select the installation path
3. Add or reduce the functions of the installation package
2.make
Translate high-level languages written by humans into binary
3. make install
Copy this binary file and configuration file to the previously specified directory
Specific operations
cd /opt wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz //Download the package from the official website tar xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz #Decompress cd nginx-1.18.0 #Enter the decompressed nginx folder yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel Install dependency environment and check that the installation package is complete mkdir /apps/nginx -p #Create a folder ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx Add configuration file make #compile make install #install ln -s /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx #Create a soft connection #Make soft link can be completed nginx #Start nginx directly ss -natp |grep 80 #Detect port 80 systemctl stop firewalld #Close the firewall setenforce 0 #Turn off core protection
Enter the verification on the website to see if it is successful
To this end of the experiment success.